Banjar Language Shifting in Ecolinguistics Perspective

The research attempts to examine language shifts that occur in the Banjar community using an ecolinguistics approach. The language shifts studied were limited to the vocabulary shift commonly used in the social interactions of everyday Banjar people. The data gathering was using interviewing and documentation techniques. Interviews are semi-structured interviews. The interview was on respondents spread across various cities in South Kalimantan, where the Banjar language is the language of community communication. Due to the pandemic, researchers enlisted the help of students in their respective hometowns to collect data with protocols that the research team had established. The data was the subject of reduction, organized by category of word classes and reasons for shifts, analysed based on the three-dimensional social theory of language praxis. The three practical social dimensions of language are the ideological, social, and biological dimensions. The research expects to be a reference for Banjar language participation efforts.

Arabic Language Education Program at Islamic Boarding School Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta: Study of Code Mixing, Code Switching, and Interference

This study aims to determine code-mixing, code-switching, and Arabic interference in the Arabic language education program at the Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Islamic Boarding School in Yogyakarta. It is based on two arguments; First, code-mixing, code-switching, and language interference are language “diseases” that are sociological and will be hereditary, especially in a particular program. So far, studies on sociolinguistics have separated code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, even though all three are interrelated. This study raises two issues: the forms of code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, and the causes of these three things. This research is qualitative research, with the methods used in this research being observation, interviews, and documentation. While the theory used is Fishman’s sociolinguistic theory of language in a socio-cultural context. The results of this study indicate that; First, code-switching that occurs in Arabic education programs Pondok Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta is a form of code-switching at the word and phrase level, while the code-mixing that occurs is at the word level. The interference that occurs includes phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic interference. Second, code-switching, mixing, and interference in Arabic language education programs are caused by the instructors’ lack of a correct model and inadequate mastery of Arabic theory.

Integrating Role of the Conception of Language Personality in the Development of the Theory of Language

The article discusses the psycholinguistic explication of the phenomenon of the Russian language personality (RLP) on the experimentally obtained associative-verbal-network (AVN) model at the end of the XXth century and the methodological contribution of the RLP conception, proposed by Yu.N. Karaulov, to the development of a general theory of language. As a human-species-specific universal, LP can be studied within an interdisciplinary approach which suggests a complementary synthesis of the latest methodological and factological achievements in different branches of human sciences. All the facets of language functioning (systemic-structural, historical-cultural, psychological, and socio-communicative), that were highlighted earlier by Yu.N. Karaulov, are subject of interdisciplinary consideration, integrated within the conception of LP. Thus, conditions are created for a complementary use of the structural theory of language (whereby the language is viewed as an external object ) and a current theory of language within a person . Network approaches, widely used in a number of human sciences, help to identify different aspects of human formation. Yu.N. Karaulov proved that LP can be explicated only as a culturally-specific variety on the AVN model. This allows the author of the article to refer to the notion of intentional personality , that has been proposed by ethnologists and cultural anthropologists for their studies of the motivational aspects in socio-communicative interactions within a single cultural community. The author finds it appropriate to extrapolate the concept intentionality to the LP as a sense-generating and sense-organizing entity setting more-or-less flexible systematic stability to the persons internal image of the world and projecting this, often illogically organized, systematicity to the AVN. The advantages of using AVN model, in contrast to other network approaches, consist in its being capable to reflect the dominant socio-communicative attitudes which developed spontaneously by a natural order of emergence as the result of socialization of the studied community members. The author proceeds from an assumption about semantic accentuations of the LP as the units of analysis which are represented by fluctuations of associative dominants at the macrostructure and microlevels of the AVN; the empirical findings collected in the AVN may be regarded as initial data encouraging investigators to build hypotheses about the psychodynamic processes reflecting variability in socio-communicative environment. The range of fluctuations of the associative dominants at the turn of the century is shown as the statistic dimensions of the RLP in the network from the newest Russian regional associative database СИБАС1 [2008-2013] and СИБАС2 [2014-2020] in comparison with the Russian associative thesaurus (RAS) previously obtained by Russian psycholinguists, with Yu.N. Karaulovs active participation, in the years of perestroika [1988-1997].

Sex professionals in Latin America: Observing stakeholder participation through the form of legal/illegal/non-legal differentiation

We researched political and legal communications about the sex profession through the Inclusion/Exclusion Form. The theoretical content is based on Niklas Luhmann's theory of society as a social communication system and Luis Antônio Marcuschi's theory of language as a social work. In this research we explored dates of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The corpora were made up of data catalogued on institutional websites, documents obtained from directors of associations and unions of sex workers, in addition to e-mail exchanges and online conversations with directors and sex professionals via virtual meetings. In the area of political communications, we observe inclusions and exclusions at the same time, as regulation has promoted several exclusions. The participation of workers in the discussions, when that had happened, was not reflected a posteriori either in public policies or in the implementation of regulations. As for legal communications, we observe that those who practice the profession experience inclusions and exclusions at the same time, since the profession is criminalized at the same time that it is recognized as a profession. The conclusion is that the inclusion/exclusion form broadens the spectrum of observation by allowing inclusion to be observed at the same time as exclusion.

HISPANIC PLACE NAMES OF ARGENTINA: LINGUOHISTORICAL ASPECT

Введение. Являясь крупнейшей по площади испаноязычной страной в мире, Аргентина всегда играла важную роль в историческом, экономическом и культурном развитии южноамериканского континента. Топонимический корпус Аргентины на протяжении веков складывался из европейского (преимущественно испанского) и автохтонного пластов. Испаноязычные компоненты в топонимии этого латиноамериканского государства являются своеобразной картографической формой существования испанского языка, семиотическим маркером присутствия испанской культуры в данном уголке мира. Однако в настоящее время говорить о подробной изученности аргентинской географической номенклатуры не приходится. Цель – предпринять попытку комплексного лингвистического описания испаноязычной топонимии Аргентины и внести вклад в изучение историко-культурного облика страны. Материал и методы. Выводы основаны на полученных результатах лингвопрагматического анализа, проведенного с помощью современных электронных технических средств: в качестве материалов и инструментов были использованы карты страны, электронные системы GoogleMaps и GeoNames. Результаты и обсуждение. Автор группирует географические имена испанского происхождения, приводя множественные примеры, объясняя их этимологию и выявляя метонимические цепочки. Наряду с описанием испаноязычных антропотопонимов, религиозных аллюзий, зоо- и фитотопонимов, эмоционально окрашенных топоединиц и географических имен, содержащих числительные, отдельное место отводится военной топонимии, топонимам-тезкам и топонимам-дублетам. Помимо испаноязычных географических имен, определяется доля гибридной и коренной топонимии от общего числа географических названий региона. Гетерогенность форм географических названий здесь указывает на столкновение цивилизаций, неоднородность языковых контактов и богатство лексических ресурсов локальной топонимической системы. Выяснено, что испаноязычные топонимы составляют наибольший процент в сравнении с автохтонными топонимами и топонимами-гибридами региона. В результате исследования испаноязычный топонимический пласт был распределен по группам, самую многочисленную из которых составляют антропотопонимы. Заключение. Полученные структурированные и описанные данные исследования способствуют продвижению цифровых технологий в ономастических изысканиях и позволяют использовать продемонстрированные результаты в рамках курсов теории языка, топонимики, теории языковых контактов, мигрантологии, лингвострановедения, лексикологии, диалектологии, теории нормативности, а также в преподавании испанского языка. Introduction. As the world’s largest Spanish-speaking country by area, Argentina has always played an important role in the historical, economic and cultural development of the South American continent. Over the centuries, the toponymic corpus of Argentina consists of European (mainly Hispanic) and autochthonous strata. The Hispanic components in the toponymy of this South American state are a kind of cartographic form of the existence of the Spanish language, a semiotic marker of the presence of Spanish culture in this corner of the world. However, at present, there is no possibility to talk about a detailed study of the Argentine geographic nomenclature. The purpose of the article is to attempt a comprehensive linguistic description of the Hispanic toponymy of Argentina. Material and methods. The conclusions are based on the results of the linguopragmatic analysis carried out by traditional means and modern electronic systems: maps of the country, electronic systems GoogleMaps and GeoNames were used as materials and tools. Results and discussion. The author groups place names of Spanish origin, giving multiple examples, explaining their etymology and identifying metonymic chains. Along with the description of Hispanic anthropotoponyms, religious allusions, zoo- and phytotoponyms, emotionally colored topo-units and geographical names containing numerals, a separate place is given to military toponymy, shift names and doublet toponyms. In addition to Hispanic place names, the share of bilingual and indigenous place names in the total number of place names in the region is determined. The heterogeneity of the forms of geographical names here indicates the clash of civilizations, the heterogeneity of linguistic contacts and the richness of the lexical resources of the local toponymic system. It was found that Hispanic toponyms make up the largest percentage in comparison with autochthonous toponyms and bilingual toponyms of the country. As a result of the study, the Hispanic toponymic layer was divided into groups, the most numerous of which are anthropotoponyms. Conclusion. The resulting structured and described research data contribute to the advancement of digital technologies in onomastic research, and also allow the use of the demonstrated results in the framework of courses in language theory, toponymy, theory of language contacts, migrantology, linguistic studies, lexicology, dialectology, theory of normativity, as well as in teaching Spanish.

Sprache, Genres und Diskurstraditionen. Kognitionslinguistische Modelle im Lichte der romanistischen Theoriebildung

This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in genre-related studies within the frameworks of Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar and compares them to the notion of discourse traditions, which is well-established in Romance linguistics but remains mostly unknown outside of it. It will be shown that, whereas the notion of discourse traditions finds its origins in Coseriu’s full-fledged general theory speaking, recent constructionist approaches to linguistic genres (communicative genres, discourse genres, sedimented patterns, discourse patterns) are merely on the verge of developing into an integrated theory of language. Conversely, this paper will point to those aspects of more recent theories that offer the advantage of focusing on the cognitive dimension of the production, reception and interpretation of linguistic genres. Finally, it will be argued that despite their similarities, each notion provides a distinct perspective on its object.

On Declarative and Procedural Knowledge Representation

Рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки стандартных в математике и информатике способов задания множеств и представления знаний. В развитие классификации сигнализации, по Ю. В. Кнорозову, знания разделяются на невербальные (иррациональные) и вербальные (рациональные), последние, в свою очередь, подразделяются на фактуальные и фасцинационные. Доказывается, что в теории Языка как системы фигур и знаков для декодирования модели мира и сознательного управления интеллектуальной деятельностью релевантными оказываются лишь те языковые категории, которые выделены процедурно, закреплены декларативно и подтверждены комбинáторно. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of standard methods in mathematics and computer science for setting sets and representing knowledge. Developing the classification of signaling by Yu. V. Knorozov, we divide knowledge into non-verbal (irrational) and verbal (rational), with the latter, in turn, subdivided into factual and fascinating. The approach proves that in the theory of Language as a system of figures and signs for decoding the World Model and for conscious management of intellectual activity, only those linguistic categories that are distinguished procedurally, fixed declaratively and confirmed combinatorially can be determined as relevant.

Communicative Approach in Teaching Foreign Languages

The Communitive Approach in language teaching starts from а theory of language as communication. The goal of language teaching is to develop communicative competence. Another linguistic theory of communication favored in CLT is functional account of language use. Linguistic is concerned with the description of speech acts of texts, since only through study of language in use are all the functions of language and therefore all components of meaning brought into focus. The goal of language teaching is to develop what referred to as “communicative competence”. This term is coined in order to contrast а communicative view of language and theory of competence. Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener in а completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitation, distribution, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance.