scholarly journals THE REFORMS IN THE EMU TOWARDS BANKING AND CAPITAL UNION: CONSEQUENCES AND CHALLENGES TO THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN BULGARIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-102
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Financial Sector Reform ◽  
The Eu

The еconomic and financial integration of Bulgaria to the European Union (EU) since the start of its official membership in 2007 coincided with the worst Global financial and economic crisis for the last seven decades and with the European sovereign crisis in the European Moneraty Union (EMU) as the “core’ of the EU integration. The paper discusses the adjustment of the Bulgarian economy to the integration process in the EU which has been challenged by the deep institutional reform process as crucial for overcoming the crisis by making the normative power of the EU stronger. The macroeconomic performance of Bulgaria is revealed with regard to the compliance with the macroeconomic convergence criteria for the EMU. The financial sector reform is discussed to outline its ongoing reform with the EU law and regulation. Conclusions are summarized for the EMU’s entry as a challenge and opportunity for further integration of Bulgaria the EU.

Instrument of Mobilization or a Bridge towards Understanding? Religion and Values in the Reform Process of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Mandry
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe self-understanding of the Europeans has been profoundly put into question since 1989, and during the EU reform process, 'Europe' was confronted by the task of describing itself anew. In this context, the debate about the significance of the religious patrimony took on a key position in the discourse. The broad public discussions of the preambles to the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for the European Union (ECT) indicate that the relationship between religion and political remains a controversial issue. The article argues that the 'preamble disputes' are part and parcel of the European Union's quest for a political identity and that the outcome of the identity debate—the self-description as a 'community of values'—deals in a specific way with this fundamental question.

scholarly journals Austrian agriculture: experience with the CAP and the anticipated effects of the EU’s Eastern enlargement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

The transition to the CAP and admission to the internal market triggered a shock wave in Austria which caused fundamental changes in the country&rsquo;s farming and food industries. Behavioural patterns stuck in traditional routines and petrified structures began to break up. The resulting thrust towards modernisation has been a major success of the EU integration.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Eastern enlargement, about to be embarked on by the European Union, will have a&nbsp;greater impact on Austrian agriculture than the country&rsquo;s accession to the EU ever had. Farmers will have to brace for a loss of market shares and an additional pressure to adjust. The rural regions bordering the accession candidates will be particularly hit and thus require special attention in terms of economic policy measures. Agriculture and rural regions in Eastern Europe will profit from the EU-membership.

scholarly journals THE EUROIZATION OF LITHUANIA AND POLAND: A COMPARISON

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Czaja ◽  
Arūnas Dulkys
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
National Currency ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Euro Adoption ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Usually, euroization is connected with the necessity of passing through not easy to fulfil and to maintain the Maastricht Treaty criteria and to accept (à) priori a definite course of resigning from the national currency. Upon fulfilling the required adjustment periods of euro adoption, the European law forces a total departure from the national currency. This process is subjected to a solid supervision and control of the EU organs. Additionally, the Maastricht Treaty obliges to introduce the euro when a country is in a good economic condition, confirmed by the fulfilment of nominal convergence criteria. In such a situation, the common currency adoption must be (or should be) always interpreted as a proof of a stable economic development and abilities of keeping such parameters in the future. However, in case of euroization accomplished with omission (or even with infringing) the Treaty, there is no necessity of complementing any European law duties, and especially there is no obligation of totally resigning the national currency. Such kind of euro adoption means not a full but a partial euroization, which can appear in a very difficult situation in country`s economy or when currency independence is not safe and profitable. Resignation from the national currency is like an act of desperation, or at least it is forced by the lack of the abilities to manage the economic problems. The purpose of this publication is to show euroization as state (partly also as process), particularly on the examples of Lithuania and Poland. It obviously it does not seem new, but many changes in the world economy (with special regard to the crisis hurting the European Union) and the lower enthusiasm for joining the Euroland (euro zone) show the need to consider such a problem.

scholarly journals The Lisbon Treaty and the Accession of Turkey to the European Union

2017 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Luísa Verdelho Alves
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Current Member ◽  
Treaty Reform ◽  
Eu Treaty Reform ◽  
The Eu

On December 13, 2007, the Member States of the European Union (EU) signed in Lisbon a treaty amending the founding Treaties of the EU. After a troubled ratification process, due to the adverse outcome of a national referendum in Ireland, the Lisbon Treaty finally entered into force on December 1, 2009, defining a new trajectory for the EU integration process. The present article addresses the possible implications of the recent EU treaty reform to the accession of Turkey to the EU. To that end, I propose an analysis of the modifications introduced in the institutional framework of the Union and I inquire whether the legal change at this level is capable of influencing the attitude of the current Member States concerning the accession of Turkey to the EU.

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