scholarly journals The place of the intelligentsia in the implementation of the national policy of the Soviet government in the BSSR (1950—1980)

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Alexey Fedotov ◽  
Vladimir Terentyev
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Soviet Government

scholarly journals Ethnic Discrimination in the Formation of State Bodies of the USSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
B. N. Mironov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Soviet Government

The level of ethnopolitical inequality is estimated as the ratio of the share of an ethnic group employed in public authorities to the share of this ethnic group among the entire employed population. This indicator can be called the coefficient of ethnopolitical representativeness. In Imperial Russia, almost all major non-Russian ethnic groups had representatives in power structures, although in most cases this was unrepresentative; the number of nominees from an ethnic group did not correspond to its population size. During the entire Soviet period, 1917–1990, there was a steady and systematic decrease in the inequality of ethnic groups in power structures. In 1989, discrimination in the authorities as a whole practically disappeared. The advantages of Russians in forming the Soviet government were minimized; their percentage in government corresponded to their share in the population. In some areas of government, ethnic inequality was leveled at different rates. In the state apparatus, equality in representation was already achieved in 1959. In the apparatus of party and public organizations, there was also a tendency to overcome discrimination, but in this area, by 1990, the percentage of non-Russians remained slightly lower than their share in the population. Minimization of ethnic inequality was a natural consequence, on the one hand, of the national policy of the country’s leadership, on the other — the desire of ethnic elites for equality in political rights.

scholarly journals The History of Creating and Developing the National Jewish Theatre named for L. Kaganovich in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
С.Ю. Гамалей
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Far East ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Theatre Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia

В 1920-е годы в РСФСР начинается процесс развития национального искусства, который тесно переплетался с задачами национальной политики, проводимой в стране. Российская Федерация так же, как и советская власть, предоставляет всем гражданам обширные права и свободы. Однако Советское государство давало возможность всем народам, проживающим в тот период, развивать свое национальное искусство, создавать собственные театральные коллективы; именно этот опыт, на наш взгляд, следует использовать при проведении национальной политики в ХХI веке. Именно поэтому автор статьи исследует особенности развития театрального дела в Еврейской автономной области. Автор подробно изучает процесс создания и работы театрального коллектива Еврейского театра имени Л. Кагановича на протяжении 1930-х годов, уделяя особое внимание формированию актерской труппы, ее профессиональным успехам. Статья повествует о начальном периоде становления театра, когда в условиях переселенческой политики евреев на Дальний Восток начинается его формирование как профессионального коллектива. При этом автор отмечает, что актерский состав на протяжении всех лет работы оказывал поддержку всем учреждениям культуры автономии: организовывал самодеятельные кружки, участвовал в смотрах, осуществлял шефскую работу над частями Красной армии. В период массовых репрессией члены творческого коллектива подвергались арестам, но это не сломило творческий настрой актеров, их профессионализм продолжал расти. В заключении статьи автор приходит к выводу, что профессиональная деятельность Еврейского театра Биробиджана, его жизнь в условиях формирования и развития Еврейской автономной области стала отражением национальной политики советского руководства в отношении еврейской диаспоры в 1930-е годы. In the 1920s Soviet Russia witnessed rapid development of national art which was intricately connected with the national policy promoted by the Soviet government. Soviet Russia as well as the Russian Federation granted all its citizens ample rights and freedoms. The Soviet State enabled all peoples inhabiting its territories to develop their national art, to create national theatres. The author of the article believes that this experience is worthy and should define the national policy of the 21st century. Driven by this conviction, the author of the article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the theatre in the Jewish Autonomous Region. The author focuses her attention on the development of the National Jewish Theatre named for L. Kaganovich in the 1930s paying special attention to the theatre staff and their achievements. The article tells about the initial stage of the theatre formation when due to the resettlement policy many Jewish actors were forced to move to the Far East. The author underlines that the actors of the theatre supported all the cultural establishments of the autonomous region by helping organize amateur dramatic societies, giving patronage to the Red Army. The author concludes that the professional development of the National Jewish Theatre of Birobidzhan was a reflection of the Jewish policy of the Soviet government in the 1930s.

scholarly journals Soviet version of ethno-expertise: reports of Northern ethnographers of 1950s–1990s

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
A.V. Golovnev ◽  
E.N. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Life Education ◽  
The One

The article provides an overview of the ethnographer-to-government reports (n = 106) published in five is-sues of the “Ethnological Expertise: Peoples of the Russian North” series. These documents, which represent valuable sources on the history of the northern populations and the national policy of the Soviet government from the mid-1950s to the early 1990s, contain information on demography and distribution of the indigenous groups, economy of collective farms, material status of collective farmers (earnings, living conditions, subsistence, provi-sion of clothing), characteristics of their culture and life, education, and health care. During the analysed period, the monitoring of ethnic communities was carried out as a planned long-term expertise under a unified program throughout the entire territory of the Soviet North. The requirement for this large-scale and continuous survey served as the motive for the creation of the North Sector in the Moscow division of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where each specialist was assigned to a particular population (or group of peoples). Preparation of reports for the central and local authorities was a state order and the responsibility of employees of the Institute of Ethnography, who conducted field research in the North and Siberia. The analysis of the documents shows that ethnog-raphers, generally following the ideological and political guidelines of the authorities, tried – in some cases rather deci-sively — to correct the policy of the Soviet state in relation to the peoples of the North. Based on their own expert sur-veys, they criticized the transition of nomads to a settled way of life, the introduction of southern agricultural branches in the North, the lack of ethnographic knowledge among administrators; they discussed and proposed innovations in economy, technology, material culture, etc. The Soviet ethno-expertise encompassed, on the one hand, ethnographic data supporting socialist ideology, on the other – elements of academic evaluation; it served as a kind of transmission between the interests of the Soviet state and the northern peoples.

National Policy, Global Giants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wormald ◽  
Kim Rennick
Keyword(s):  
National Policy

Psychologists shape national policy

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
National Policy

Systematic approaches to fragility fracture prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D. B. Lee ◽  
P. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fracture Liaison Service ◽  
Reimbursement Mechanisms ◽  
Future Fracture ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Fracture Liaison

SummaryIndividuals who have suffered fractures caused by osteoporosis – also known as fragility fractures – are the most readily identifiable group at high risk of suffering future fractures. Globally, the majority of these individuals do not receive the secondary preventive care that they need. The Fracture Liaison Service model (FLS) has been developed to ensure that fragility fracture patients are reliably identified, investigated for future fracture and falls risk, and initiated on treatment in accordance with national clinical guidelines. FLS have been successfully established in Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania, and their widespread implementation is endorsed by leading national and international osteoporosis organisations. Multi-sector coalitions have expedited inclusion of FLS into national policy and reimbursement mechanisms. The largest national coalition, the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) in the United States, provides an exemplar of achieving participation and consensus across sectors. Initiatives developed by NBHA could serve to inform activities of new and emerging coalitions in other countries.

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