scholarly journals Determination of Sorptivity, Infiltration Rate and Hydraulic Conductivity of Loamy Sand using Tension Infiltrometer and Double-Ring Infiltrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamorudeen O Yusuf ◽  
Rasheed O Obalowu ◽  
Gideon T Akinleye ◽  
Selia I Adio-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Tension Infiltrometer ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Infiltration Test ◽  
Preferential Water

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and accuracy of tension infiltrometer (TI) over double ring infiltrometer (DI) for determining infiltration rate (I) of loamy sand. Sorptivity (S), infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity (K) are soil properties that govern the rate of entry of water into the soil and its movement within the soil. The ease and accurate measurement of these properties depend on the instruments used. DI operates by ponding water and could be affected by preferential water flow during infiltration test which could not be avoided especially on a fertile soil. DI and TI at water potentials of -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were used to determine infiltration rate of the soil. The mean values of sorptivity for DI and TI at water potentials of -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were 847.02, 63.50, 33.15, 29.90 and 19.46 mm/h1/2, respectively. Mean values of infiltration rates for DI and TI at -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m water potentials were 471.26, 176.84, 73.73, 71.32 and 37.73 mm/h, respectively. Mean values of hydraulic conductivity for DI and TI at -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were 344.45, 22.42, 18.61and 16.83 mm/h, respectively. DI required 100-150 litres for the infiltration test, difficult where water is very scarce and gave higher values of infiltration rate. TI saved water (2-3 litres), controlled preferential water flow and values of S, I and K were within the range obtained by other researchers. TI is more effective for measuring hydraulic properties soil than DI.Keywords:Double ring infiltrometer, tension infiltrometer, sorptivity, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity

Freeze–thaw cycles and soil water content effects on infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ymène Fouli ◽  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Herb W. Cutforth
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Tension Infiltrometer ◽  
Water Potentials

Fouli, Y., Cade-Menun, B. J. and Cutforth, H. W. 2013. Freeze–thaw cycles and soil water content effects on infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 485–496. Many soils at high latitudes or elevations freeze and thaw seasonally. More frequent freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) may affect ecosystem diversity and productivity because freeze–thaw cycles cause changes in soil physical properties and affect water movement in the landscape. This study examined the effects of FTCs (0, 1, 5, and 10) and antecedent soil water content [at soil water potentials (SWP) −1.5, −0.033 and −0.02 MPa] on the infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils (a clay, a loam, and a loamy sand). A tension infiltrometer was used at tensions [water potentials of the tension infiltrometer (WPT)] −5, −10 and −15 cm. Infiltration rates increased with increasing SWPs for the loam and clay soils due to higher infiltrability into drier soils. Infiltration rates decreased with increasing SWPs for the loamy sand, probably the result of less surface tension, unimodal porosity, and increased gravitational potential. Infiltration rates either decreased or did not change with increasing FTCs, and this may be due to increased water viscosity as temperatures approach freezing. Also, ice may have formed in soil pores after frequent FTCs, causing lower infiltration rates. Infiltration rates for clay at −1.5 MPa were higher than for loam or loamy sand, probably the result of clay mineralogy and potential shrinking and cracking. Soil texture and initial water content had a significant effect on infiltration rates, and FTCs either maintained or lowered infiltration rates.

Infiltration and water movement in an in situ swelling soil during prolonged ponding

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Talsma ◽  
AVD Lelij
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Mean Values

Infiltration, swelling, and water movement were studied during ponding on a swelling clay soil. The soil was uniform in texture and clay mineralogy to 2 m depth. Most structural heterogeneity, caused by gilgai and shrinkage cracks, had been removed by grading, cultivation, and pre-ponding irrigations. Measurements were made of infiltration, moisture content, soil water potential, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, vertical soil swelling, and the effect of overburden on tensiometer readings. Infiltration was rapid and water penetrated deeply during the first ponding day. Thereafter, qualitative agreement was found between measured infiltration and that expected from theory from 1 to 45 days after ponding. From 45 to 120 days after ponding, the development of a time-variable flow restriction near the soil surface prevented the attainment of a final, steady infiltration rate. During ponding a transient water table developed, moisture profiles were distinctly hydric, and seepage to a deep water table or aquifer was not negligible. Core sample values of hydraulic conductivity agreed with those obtained from mean flux and potential gradients, although conductivity and infiltration rate varied greatly from place to place. Measured swelling compared favourably with that calculated from bulk density changes. The maximum measured soil swelling, in the rather narrow range of moisture contents involved, was 25 mm. This is consistent with reported data on similar soils. Mean values of � = �/P near saturation at 0.2 and 0.4 m depth were between 0.20 and 0.25, indicating that the effect of overburden potential on flow was not large.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of ponded infiltration experiment under different experimental conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. S22-S27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dušek ◽  
M. Dohnal ◽  
T. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Finite Element Mesh ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Element Mesh ◽  
Double Ring

One of the most important properties, affecting the flow regime in the soil profile, is the topsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity (<I>K<SUB>s</SUB></I>). The laboratory-determined <I>K<SUB>s</SUB> </I>often fails to characterise properly the respective field value; the <I>K<SUB>s</SUB> </I>lab estimation requires labour intensive sampling and fixing procedures, difficult to follow in highly structured and stony soils. Thus, simple single- or double-ring ponded infiltration experiments are frequently performed in situ to obtain the field scale information required. In the present study, several important factors, affecting the infiltration rate during the infiltration experiments, are analysed using three-dimensional axisymmetric finite-element model S2D. The examined factors include: (1) the diameter of the infiltration ring, (2) the depth of water in the ring, (3) the depth of the ring insertion under the soil surface, (4) the size and the shape of the finite-element mesh near the ring wall, and (5) the double- vs. single-ring setup. The analysis suggests that the depth of the ring insertion significantly influences the infiltration rate. The simulated infiltration rates also exhibit high sensitivity to the shape of the finite-element mesh near the ring wall. The steady-state infiltration rate, even when considering a double-ring experiment, is significantly higher than the topsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity. The change of the water depth in the outer ring has only a small impact on the infiltration rate in the inner ring.

Ponding time, hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity – experimental determination by a single ring infiltrometer with rain simulator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Pelíšek ◽  
Jakub Štibinger ◽  
Zbyněk Kulhavý ◽  
Luca Melorio
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Simplified Solution ◽  
Rain Simulator

&lt;p&gt;The continuous rain simulator used with very precise dosing enables both simulation of characteristic rainfall as well as accurate determination of infiltration rate and automatic calculation of hydraulic conductivity of soils under natural conditions. As a part of the research of infiltration processes induced by characteristic rainfalls, the effects of stormy rainfalls were verified in the described project stage. Stormy rain with constant intensity was applied by rain simulator in a single ring infiltrometer. Samples were tested in the laboratory (soils and kaolinite) and directly in the field. During rain infiltration was measured ponding time. Theoretical base of the research comes from non-steady state unsuturated vertical infiltration, which process (in one-dimensional flow conditions) can be described by Richard&amp;#180;s equation. Final simplified solution is provided by Philip&amp;#180;s simplified infiltration equtions. Hydraulic conductivity K&amp;#160;was approximated from the analysis of time series of the process of vertical non-steady cumulative infiltration, going after ponding time. Sorptivity S was calculated by the numerical experiment with known values of stormy rain intensity, ponding time and hydraulic conductivity. Compared to traditional methods (single or double ring infiltrometer), soil hydro-physical characteristic (K, S) determined by this method is more reliable, informative and verified by ponding time.&lt;/p&gt;

Methods to experimentally control waterlogging and measure soil oxygen in field trials

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennard EG Barrett ◽  
PD Leighton ◽  
IR Mcpharlin ◽  
T Setter ◽  
H Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Oxygen ◽  
Polyethylene Pipe ◽  
A Site

A method is described for the establishment of controlled waterlogging events in the field. Special plots were constructed at a site with a loamy sand overlying an indurated siliceous pan of low hydraulic conductivity. The plots were isolated from lateral water flow with polyvinyl chloride sheeting, and were either waterlogged or drained by sub-irrigation or drainage through slotted polyethylene pipe buried 0.45 m below the soil surface. In a test of the plots, waterlogging was imposed for 26 days. Samples of soil water were removed from waterlogged plots for the measurement of oxygen. Concentrations of oxygen rapidly decreased after the commencement of waterlogging, but increased again after drainage.

scholarly journals Infiltration Rate of Quarternary Sediment at Rumbio Jaya, Kampar, Riau

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Adi Suryadi ◽  
Tiggi Choanji ◽  
Desy Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Infiltration Test ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Southwest Part

The study of infiltration rate was conducted at Rumbio Jaya, Kampar, Riau which closed with meandering river of Kampar. Infiltration rate data collected by using double ring infiltrometer with 30 cm and 60 cm diameter of cylinder. To support the data of infiltration test at quarternary sediment, subsurface soil profiling data were taken with hand auger drilling. The result of infiltration rate analysis shown the highest value is located at ST 2 and ST 3 (southwest part of study area) with value 248 mm/hr and 159 mm/hr. infiltration rate gradually decreasing toward northeast of study area with lowest value 2.6 mm/hr at ST 6 which caused location very closed to Kampar River. Core data from hand auger drilling support result of infiltration rate with gravelly sand layer (high porosity and permeability) are dominated at study area and some low infiltration rate location consists of thick layer of silt.

Estimating high hydraulic conductivity locations through a 3D simulation of water flow in soil and a resistivity survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Inoue ◽  
Hiroomi Nakazato ◽  
Tomijiro Kubota ◽  
Koji Furue ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshisako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
High Hydraulic Conductivity

Hyphal colonization of Rhizophagus irregularis increases unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a loamy sand distant from roots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bitterlich ◽  
Richard Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Root Exclusion

&lt;p&gt;Hydraulic properties of mycorrhizal soils have rarely been reported and difficulties in directly assigning potential effects to hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) arise from other consequences of AMF being present, i.e. their influence on growth and water consumption rates of their host plants that both also influence soil hydraulic properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We assumed that the typical nylon meshes used for root-exclusion experiments in mycorrhizal research can provide a dynamic hydraulic barrier. It is expected that the uniform pore size of the rigid meshes causes a sudden hydraulic decoupling of the enmeshed inner volume from the surrounding soil as soon as the mesh pores become air-filled. Growing plants below the soil moisture threshold for hydraulic decoupling would minimize plant-size effects on root-exclusion compartments and allow for a more direct assignment of hyphal presence to modulations in soil hydraulic properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We carried out water retention and hydraulic conductivity measurements with two tensiometers introduced in two different heights in a cylindrical compartment (250 cm&amp;#179;) containing a loamy sand, either with or without the introduction of a 20 &amp;#181;m nylon mesh equidistantly between the tensiometers. Introduction of a mesh reduced hydraulic conductivity across the soil volumes by two orders of magnitude from 471 to 6 &amp;#181;m d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at 20% volumetric water content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We grew maize plants inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis in the same soil in pots that contained root-exclusion compartments while maintaining 20% volumetric water content. When hyphae were present in the compartments, water potential and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity increased for a given water content compared to compartments free of hyphae. These differences increased with progressive soil drying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that water extractability from soils distant to roots can be facilitated under dry conditions when AMF hyphae are present.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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