O FINANSIJSKOJ AUTONOMIJI NIŽIH TERITORIJALNO-ADMINISTRATIVNIH JEDINICA OD 1919. DO 1929. GODINE – PRILOG POIMANjU POSTOJANjA LOKALNE SAMOUPRAVE U PERIODU PRIMENE VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA

2021 ◽  
pp. 707-719
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bačanin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Administrative Units

There are divergent authorial views with regard to the assessment of the self- government of municipalities, counties and areas proclaimed by the Vidovdan Constitution and accompanying legal acts. Public and financial doctrine is in agreement in the belief that without the financial autonomy of lower territorial- administrative units, there is no actualization of the principles of local self- government. Since the topic of the development of local public finances in our country still seems insufficiently researched, the author tries to re-test the hypothesis of the existence of local self-government in the period of application of this constitutional act, by presenting the normative framework and significant doctrinal reviews on this issue. The aim is to provide a possibility for a broader and more effective view of the development of this political and legal institute.

Self-Determination Through Autonomy or Independence? – On the Current and Future Position of New Caledonia

ICL Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-105
Author(s):  
Markku Suksi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
European Court ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
The Right

Abstract New Caledonia is a colonial territory of France. Since the adoption of the Nouméa Accord in 1998, a period of transition towards the exercise of self-determination has been going on. New Caledonia is currently a strong autonomy, well entrenched in the legal order of France from 1999 on. The legislative powers have been distributed between the Congress of New Caledonia and the Parliament of France on the basis of a double enumeration of legislative powers, an arrangement that has given New Caledonia control over many material fields of self-determination. At the same time as this autonomy has been well embedded in the constitutional fabric of France. The Nouméa Accord was constitutionalized in the provisions of the Constitution of France and also in an Institutional Act. This normative framework created a multi-layered electorate that has presented several challenges to the autonomy arrangement and the procedure of self-determination, but the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Committee have resolved the issues regarding the right to vote in manners that take into account the local circumstances and the fact that the aim of the legislation is to facilitate the self-determination of the colonized people, the indigenous Kanak people. The self-determination process consists potentially of a series of referendums, the first of which was held in 2018 and the second one in 2020. In both referendums, those entitled to vote returned a No-vote to the question of ‘Do you want New Caledonia to attain full sovereignty and become independent?’ A third referendum is to be expected before October 2022, and if that one also results in a no to independence, a further process of negotiations starts, with the potential of a fourth referendum that will decide the mode of self-determination New Caledonia will opt for, independence or autonomy.

Performance Audit of Public Revenues of the Administrative Territorial Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (163) ◽  
pp. 555-573
Author(s):  
Diana-Sabina BRANET (ULICI) ◽  
◽  
Camelia-Daniela HATEGAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Link ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
High Level ◽  
Budget Execution

The financial indicators reported in the budget execution accounts of the local public administrations have implications in the assessment of the level of performance regarding the achievement of the own revenues of these public entities. The objective of the paper is to examine the causal link between the level of performance in achieving own revenues and that of the financial autonomy of local public administrations. The paper includes a summary of the evolution of legal regulations in Romania specific to local public administration and own revenue management, as well as an analysis of information highlighted in budget execution accounts published by entities for 2018-2020, and the latest annual reports published by the Court of Accounts of Romania regarding the deviations found and the audit opinion formulated following the financial audit missions in order to identify the aspects that may influence the level of performance in achieving its own revenues at the level of local public administrations. The sample consists of territorial administrative units classified as cities in the Western Region of Romania, which are not municipalities and are found in Arad County. The results of the study revealed that some cities had a fairly high level of performance in generating their own revenues, and some reported increasing capital expenditures from year to year, but in most cases the degree of achievement of their own revenues still remains quite low. The conclusion is that the degree of achievement of own revenues is in most cases at a level that needs to be improved, and payments for capital expenditures are still quite low, so none of the cities in the selected sample have the opportunity to be financed exclusively from own revenues.

The economic policy of the self-proclaimed 4th transformation in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto López Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Government

The government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador set off many expectations in Mexico and in Latin America about a change of course for Mexico, it was thought that the ne-oliberal economic policy that had characterized Mexico since 1983 would be left be-hind. In 1983 Mexico undertook a structural change in its economy, characterized by three basic aspects: the consolidation of public finances; privatization of public compa-nies; trade liberalization. This economic policy remains on its basic foundations and the results are being aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently a roadmap that leads to dismantling the neoliberal model in Mexico is nowhere to be seen, even though it is lashed out and held responsible for the country's economic, political and social problems almost every day.

scholarly journals Specificity of managing local budgets’ own revenues in the context of financial decentralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Valentyna Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Volume Factor ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Regional Budgets

Introduction. Decentralization reform in Ukraine has been implemented since 2014. It aims at transferring some of the powers of central government to the communities. The reform of decentralization in the financial sphere should ensure the financial autonomy of territorial-administrative units. Therefore, the analysis of the main factors influencing the management of own revenues of local budgets is especially relevant. Research purpose is to investigate the specifics and features of managing the own revenues of local budgets of Ukraine under conditions of financial decentralization. Methods. Several research methods are used in the article. These are: comparative analysis – to rank own revenues of consolidated regional budgets by volume; factor analysis – to identify and select factors of influence on the formation of own revenues of local budgets; regression analysis – to formalize the influence of certain factors on the dynamics of own revenues of consolidated regional budgets. Results. It is proved that the basis of the community’s financial autonomy in the context of financial decentralization is provided by broad powers to manage the formation of its own revenues to its budget. It was established that in 2017 compared with 2014, own revenues of local budgets of Ukraine increased by 2.3 times, including as a result of financial decentralization. It is proved that, by decentralizing the management of own revenues of local budgets, central government bodies, expanding the financial powers of administrative-territorial units, should ensure the growth of citizens’ well-being, fairness in the regional distribution of incomes, and slowdown of labor immigration. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to form the basis for the development of the main scenarios of forecasting the financial autonomy of the local budgets of Ukraine in their regional context. Further scientific researches of the author will be devoted to it.

A Question of Composition: Constructing a Just Federal State in Ethiopia and Beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Colin W. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Many

Abstract Federalism attempts to create a multilayered government in order to better accommodate the self-determination of regions or groups within its borders. For this reason, federalism is well suited for the diversity in Ethiopia and the many calls for self-determination within it. However, within Ethiopia and federal theory, there is little to no examination of the normative grounds for who should be accommodated in a federal state. This paper, situating itself in the context of Ethiopian federalism, addresses this theoretical and practical omission by producing a normative framework to assess the issues and questions of federal inclusion.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

The Nature of Rapidly Extracted Phycocyanin from the Blue-Green Alga Plectonema Boryanum

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Kessel ◽  
R. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The major protein of the blue-green algae is the biliprotein, C-phycocyanin (Amax = 620 nm), which is presumed to exist in the cell in the form of distinct aggregates called phycobilisomes. The self-assembly of C-phycocyanin from monomer to hexamer has been extensively studied, but the proposed next step in the assembly of a phycobilisome, the formation of 19s subunits, is completely unknown. We have used electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with a method for rapid and gentle extraction of phycocyanin to study its subunit structure and assembly.To establish the existence of phycobilisomes, cells of P. boryanum in the log phase of growth, growing at a light intensity of 200 foot candles, were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0, for 3 hours at 4°C. The cells were post-fixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer overnight. Material was stained for 1 hour in uranyl acetate (1%), dehydrated and embedded in araldite and examined in thin sections.

Interrelationship of the cellular distribution and secretion of regular structure (RS) protein in Bacillus licheniformis nm 105

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhu ◽  
Richard McVeigh ◽  
Bijan K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

A mutant of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, NM 105 exhibits some notable properties, e.g., arrest of alkaline phosphatase secretion and overexpression and hypersecretion of RS protein. Although RS is known to be widely distributed in many microbes, it is rarely found, with a few exceptions, in laboratory cultures of microorganisms. RS protein is a structural protein and has the unusual properties to form aggregate. This characteristic may have been responsible for the self assembly of RS into regular tetragonal structures. Another uncommon characteristic of RS is that enhanced synthesis and secretion which occurs when the cells cease to grow. Assembled RS protein with a tetragonal structure is not seen inside cells at any stage of cell growth including cells in the stationary phase of growth. Gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant shows a very large amount of RS protein in the stationary culture of the B. licheniformis. It seems, Therefore, that the RS protein is cotranslationally secreted and self assembled on the envelope surface.

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