scholarly journals The Development of Echolocation in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Harder ◽  
Heather M. Hill ◽  
Kathleen M. Dudzinski ◽  
Karissa T. Sanabria ◽  
Sara Guarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Sonar System ◽  
Social Grouping ◽  
The Social ◽  
Click Train

This study aimed to expand on previous efforts to evaluate the ontogeny of echolocation in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Data consisted of echolocation recordings and concurrent behavioral observations taken from one calf in 2000 and from five additional dolphin calves and their mothers in 2002 housed at the U.S. Naval facility in San Diego, CA. A total of 361 echolocation click train samples from calves were recorded weekly over the first 6 months of the calves’ lives. The earliest calf echolocation train was recorded at 22 days postpartum and the number of echolocation attempts from calves increased steadily with age. Calf echolocation trains increased in duration and the number of clicks per train with age while train density (clicks/sec) and interclick interval values remained more consistent. Calves swimming independent of their mothers produced more click trains, especially when multiple calves were present in the social grouping. When considering these results in the context of possible maturation of a calf’s melon physiology, it seems very likely that the first two months of life are critical for the development of echolocation and related behaviors. While the first click train recorded in this sample was approximately 3 weeks of age by two different calves, it is possible that dolphin calves may innately produce functional sonar clicks immediately after birth, which were not captured in the current study. Future research will need to investigate this possibility using more controlled conditions and a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the sonar system of neonates as well as the possible role of the mother in echolocation development.

Movement Emergence and Resource Mobilization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nella Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Movement Mobilization ◽  
Feminist Organizing ◽  
Leadership Influence

This chapter explores women’s movement emergence, and the role of organizations, leadership, and coalitions in women’s mobilizations. It begins by discussing the factors that influenced the emergence of the first and second waves of feminist organizing. The chapter also presents debates around organizational structure within the women’s movement and the contributions that both informal and formal organizations make to women’s movement mobilization and success. The next section examines the important roles that women have played as leaders in a range of movements, critical in mobilizing support, developing movement strategies and frames, and sustaining women’s mobilizations over time. Finally, the chapter discusses factors facilitating women’s coalition formation, and the social movement communities of which these coalitions are a part. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of how future research can further increase understanding of how resources, organization, and leadership influence the dynamics of women’s mobilization.

scholarly journals Acupressure: An Effective and Feasible Alternative Treatment for Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 216495612110580
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Alex Do ◽  
Molly J Mallory ◽  
Dietlind L Wahner-Roedler ◽  
Tony Y Chon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Anxiety is highly reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of acupressure for anxiety is a common practice in integrative medicine, and previous literature has shown that acupressure can be an effective and feasible alternative treatment for decreasing anxiety. Given the social distancing requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears reasonable to assume that acupressure may be especially suited to treat anxiety under these circumstances. However, there has been relatively little reported use of acupressure for anxiety during the pandemic. This viewpoint aims to highlight the possible role of acupressure as a self-administered therapeutic approach for anxiety amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and to outline key areas for future research.

The Role of Societal Culture in Social Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Gaye Karacay
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Societal Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Value Creation ◽  
Research Propositions

Being at a development stage, the social innovation literature needs further contributions that would help to comprehensively find out the enablers of social innovation especially within macro level. Since the nature of social innovation is cumulative as well as interactive, the micro level practices of individual social innovation initiatives add up to the general patterns at the macro-level. On account of the fact that shared values among members of a society bring about similar expectations, perceptions, and behavioral patterns, it is essential to explore how various societal cultural attributes contribute to social innovation capacities of countries. This study aims to explore an evidence of the influence of societal culture on social innovation, specifically by shaping the perceptions of social entrepreneurs for social value creation. By discussing the relationship between societal culture and social innovation in a conceptual manner along with developing research propositions, this study offers a new direction for future research.

Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Movement Participation

Recent research has focused on the role of social networks in facilitating participation in protest and social movement organizations. This paper elaborates three currents of microstructural explanation, based on information, identity, and exchange. In assessing these perspectives, it compares their treatment of multivalence, the tendency for social ties to inhibit as well as promote participation. Considering two dimensions of multivalence—the value of the social tie and the direction of social pressure—this paper discusses problems of measurement and interpretation in network analysis of movement participation. A critical review suggests some directions for future research.

The role of signature whistle matching in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. King ◽  
Heidi E. Harley ◽  
Vincent M. Janik
Keyword(s):  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Signature Whistle

Schooling in the Course of Human Lives: The Social Context of Education and the Transition to Adulthood in Industrial Society

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Pallas
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cross National

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. First, I examine conceptual issues in the study of schooling and the life course, drawing heavily on the sociological literature. I then consider the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood in the United States, and the consequences of variations in the timing and sequencing of schooling for adult social and economic success. I then discuss the role of social structure, norms, and institutional arrangements in the transition to adulthood, with special attention to cross-national comparisons with the U. S. and historical changes within countries. I conclude with speculations regarding trends in the role of schooling in the life course, and some directions for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PPAR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS AND OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Ya. Yemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Depth Study

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent multifactorial diseases of the skin with a predominance of genetic predisposition. The disease is characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal cells, impairment of the keratinisation against the background of inflammatory reactions in the dermal layer, the nails, joints and scalp involvement. According to the results of clinical and epidemiological research, about 3-4% of the population of our planet has psoriasis, regardless of sex, age and ethnic group, while the share of this pathology in the overall structure of skin diseases reaches from 1% - to 40%, according to some reports. However, despite the wide prevalence of psoriasis and a huge number of works on this issue, there is still no shared view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. The data presented by many clinical studies show that there has been a recent increase in cases of comorbidity of psoriasis and obesity, leading to severe, atypical, disabling and resistant to the treatment forms of dermatosis. All this considerably impairs the quality of life of patients with psoriasis, reduces their working capacity and social activity that lays emphasis on not only the medical but also the social significance of the problem. Immunological disorders and genetic defects have been proven as the causes of psoriasis and abdominal obesity. The distinctive feature of the pathogenesis in the patients having comorbidity of psoriasis and obesity, in contrast to the patients without excessive body weight, is a statistically significant increase in hyperleptinomia and in systemic cytokine proinflammatory potential. Therefore, the vision for the future research is in-depth study of the pathogenesis of comorbid disease in patients with psoriasis that will contribute to reveal new targets for the treatment of this dermatosis.

scholarly journals Microfinance in Fishery Sector: Social Capital as an Agent of Empowerment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7059-7063
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Self Help Groups

The paper is a critical review of studies to understand the role of social capital in the empowerment of fishing communities who avail the assistance of microfinance institutions. The findings showed that studies on empowerment of communities by social capital were less. However, a substantial amount of studies analysed the concept of deployment of social capital as an assertion for the repayments of the loans obtained from the microfinance institutions. In addition to the above, the number of studies on the function of social capital in the empowerment of fishing communities who obtained financial assistances from microfinance institutions was rare. Although a few studies that investigated the attainment of knowledge and balanced utilisation of the available resources were obtained, studies that concentrated extensively on the on the beneficiaries in the fishery sector were found to be scarce. There were a sparse number of studies that elucidated the characteristics of the microfinance institutions as well as the groups of the beneficiaries of these institutions that affect the generation of a strong social capital among the group members. In conclusion, this review opens up various avenues for future research. Studies that scrutinise the difficulties of the members of self-help groups in the fisheries sector in employing the knowledge gained and resources attained from social capital established in their group and the consequent changes in their performance in their business can be carried out. Apart from the aforementioned future study opportunity, comprehensive studies on the policies to develop the social capital of the groups of the beneficiaries of the microfinance institutions can be carried out

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