A New Perspective: The Implication of Chaos/Complexity Theory in Language through Dichotomies

This study opens different points of view at chaos/complexity theory (C/CT) which is still a new theory in second language acquisition. Pro. Larsen-Freeman and her colleagues considered a variety of characteristics, C/CT is known as nonlinear dynamics or dynamical system theory that provides a framework for thinking about change over time. Scientists claim that one can see not only the laws of chaos but also those of order, through which a strong explanation for how any collection of components will organize itself and it can be generated in dichotomies. They attempt to rationalize the behavior of large and complex systems, believing they cannot be explained by usual rules of nature

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Dynamical System Theory and Role of Equilibrium Flows

Transition to Turbulence ◽

10.1017/9781108780889.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-61

Keyword(s):

Dynamical System ◽

System Theory ◽

Dynamical System Theory

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Towards a More Holistic Approach to Quality Improvements in Aluminium Die Casting

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.341 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 618-619 ◽

pp. 341-344

Author(s):

Sandrine Zanna ◽

Yakov Frayman ◽

Bruce Gunn ◽

Saeid Nahavandi

Keyword(s):

Dynamical System ◽

System Theory ◽

Die Casting ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Natural Process ◽

Dynamical System Theory ◽

Quality Improvements ◽

System Perspective ◽

Porosity Defects ◽

Natural Equilibrium

This work evaluates the feasibility of using a holistic approach, based on dynamical system theory, to reduce porosity defects in high pressure aluminum die casting. Quality improvements, from a dynamical system perspective mean the ability to move the die casting process out of its natural equilibrium to a more beneficial state and the ability to maintain this new process state. This more beneficial state may be achieved in several ways. One way is to increase the amount of forcing to overcome natural process resistance. This forcing approach is represented by typical continuous intervention policy, with modifications in die/part design and/or process parameters. An alternative approach is to reduce the amount of natural process resistance, in particular the amount of process disturbance, allowing the process to move out of its natural equilibrium with much less forcing. This alternative uses the self-regulating ability of dynamical systems thus decreasing the amount of human intervention required. In this respect, the influence of vacuum on time on chattering at the first stage of the casting shot was identified as a good process candidate for testing using dynamical system theory. A significant reduction in porosity defects was achieved, which also set the process on a path of slow but consistent self-improvement.

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Parameters or cues?

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728904001233 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 35-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BRIAN MACWHINNEY

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Hebbian Learning ◽

Universal Grammar ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Parameter Setting ◽

Functional Categories ◽

The Core ◽

Over Time

Truscott and Sharwood Smith (henceforth T&SS) attempt to show how second language acquisition can occur without any learning. In their APT model, change depends only on the tuning of innate principles through the normal course of processing of L2. There are some features of their model that I find attractive. Specifically, their acceptance of the concepts of competition and activation strength brings them in line with standard processing accounts like the Competition Model (Bates and MacWhinney, 1982; MacWhinney, 1987, in press). At the same time, their reliance on parameters as the core constructs guiding learning leaves this model squarely within the framework of Chomsky's theory of Principles and Parameters (P&P). As such, it stipulates that the specific functional categories of Universal Grammar serve as the fundamental guide to both first and second language acquisition. Like other accounts in the P&P framework, this model attempts to view second language acquisition as involving no real learning beyond the deductive process of parameter-setting based on the detection of certain triggers. The specific innovation of the APT model is that changes in activation strength during processing function as the trigger to the setting of parameters. Unlike other P&P models, APT does not set parameters in an absolute fashion, allowing their activation weight to change by the processing of new input over time. The use of the concept of activation in APT is far more restricted than its use in connectionist models that allow for Hebbian learning, self-organizing features maps, or back-propagation.

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