Dream State in Urdu Novel and interpretation of Human Llife

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the frequency and nature of pain in dreams. Several authors have suggested that pain may be beyond the representational capability of dreaming.OBJECTIVE: To obtain more detailed information on the nature and prevalence of pain in a larger sample of everyday dreams collected through home logs. To examine the context within which dreamed pain occurs and to assess participants' retrospective recall of past experiences of pain in dreams.METHOD: One hundred and eighty-five participants completed a battery of questionnaires and recorded their dreams for two consecutive weeks.RESULTS: Retrospective responses to the questionnaire indicate that close to 50% of individuals report having experienced pain in their dreams at least once. A total of 3045 dreams were reported in the home dream logs. Eighteen of these dreams contained unambiguous references to the subject experiencing pain.DISCUSSION: Pain sensations in dreams are reported as being realistic, localized to a specific area of the body, typically resulting from violent encounters with other characters and often accompanied by intense affect. A model is proposed to explain how sensory experiences such as pain can be produced in the dream state.CONCLUSION: Cognitive systems that contribute to the representation of pain imagery are sometimes functional during dreaming.

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Effects of Performing Certain Set Tasks in the Lucid-Dream State

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1982.54.1.259 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 259-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keith M. T. Hearne

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Current Level ◽

Dream Interpretation ◽

Auditory Imagery ◽

Sleep Paralysis ◽

Crucial Point ◽

Apparent Lack ◽

Dream State ◽

Electrical Appliance

A group of 70 persons (16 males, 54 females) who experience lucid dreams (those in which the dreamer becomes aware of dreaming) were given set tasks to perform in the lucid state and asked to report what happened. A pilot study had indicated certain consistencies of effect between subjects. Evidence was obtained, based on the reports of 16 persons, to suggest that it is often difficult to ‘switch on an electric light’ in the lucid dream scenery. A varying ceiling-level of imagery ‘brightness’ is hypothesized. It is suggested that any attempt to violate the current level results in rationalized avoidance of the planned situation. Difficulties were also experienced by the 9 subjects who tried to ‘switch on an electrical appliance’ (other than a light). An apparent lack of co-ordination between the imagery modalities was noted. It is suggested that the modalities may be relatively independent in the dream and that priority of effect can shift between the imagery forms. A ‘substitution effect’ was observed in the 3 cases for whom auditory imagery was lacking at a crucial point. The persons reported singing or making a noise automatically as if to compensate. Four of the 6 persons instructed to ‘cover or “close” your eyes in a lucid dream’ stated that a scene-shift resulted. Another subject reported that the dream re-ran. A sixth person experienced sleep-paralysis. Such consistencies of effect in dreams have not been taken into account by the various schools of ‘dream interpretation’ and so could have led to erroneous ‘analyses.’

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The Enigma of the Tinnitus-Free Dream State in a Bayesian World

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2014/612147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dirk De Ridder ◽

Kathleen Joos ◽

Sven Vanneste

Keyword(s):

Prediction Error ◽

Phantom Limb Pain ◽

Phantom Limb ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Bayesian Brain ◽

Awake State ◽

Dream State ◽

The Brain

There are pathophysiological, clinical, and treatment analogies between phantom limb pain and phantom sound (i.e., tinnitus). Phantom limb pain commonly is absent in dreams, and the question arises whether this is also the case for tinnitus. A questionnaire was given to 78 consecutive tinnitus patients seen at a specialized tinnitus clinic. Seventy-six patients remembered their dreams and of these 74 claim not to perceive tinnitus during their dreams (97%). This can be most easily explained by a predictive Bayesian brain model. That is, during the awake state the brain constantly makes predictions about the environment. Tinnitus is hypothesized to be the result of a prediction error due to deafferentation, and missing input is filled in by the brain. The heuristic explanation then is that in the dream state there is no interaction with the environment and therefore no updating of the prediction error, resulting in the absence of tinnitus.

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