Pedagogies of the Best Dressed: School-Business Relationships in New Zealand 1990-2004, Including the Case of Food

<p>In the 1990s there was public speculation that New Zealand schools and businesses were establishing new and more relationships. Three broad public discourses sought to articulate this shift and its effects. They collectively represented business motives for school-business relationships as commercial, social, or operationally focused, or mixtures of these. This thesis argues with evidence from literature and original research, and with special attention on the activities of the food industry, that the prime business motive for school-business relationships was commercial. This motive is explored within the interwoven cultural contexts of changing businesses, changing childhoods and changing schools. In recent years businesses have assumed greater power as corporate meaning-makers in childhood identities as the boundaries between the cultural categories of advertising, entertainment and education collapse and new hybrid forms emerge including new school-business relationship forms. As business integrate public relations with their marketing objectives, this meaning-making role in an information society has intensified and fulfils a wide range of objectives from increased sales to management of public opinion. Businesses with the most fragile public profiles have gravitated to schools the most, and school children have become both key producers and key consumers of the sign value of the socially responsible business. Childhood is considered within a social constructionist perspective and it is argued that businesses influence childhood identity through the transgressive pedagogies of children's popular culture, and the commercialized adult discourses of child development and innocence. The tensions between these are being brought to some resolution in the increasingly popular commercialized edutainment pedagogies offered to students in schools, which simultaneously address adult and child desires. Responding to school-business relationships in New Zealand from 1990 was the marketised and corporatised school. The structural and cultural dimensions of New Zealand's marketisation reforms enabled pervasive discourses of competitive entrepreneurialism and managerial pragmatism to jostle with educational ethics in school-business relationship decision-making. Many school-business relationships found favour as fundraising opportunities or complex and financially advantageous relationships, limiting the potential for teacher dissent or community deliberation and debate. Teachers maintained an influential role in the key area of curriculum-related school-business relationships, but in this research, their perceptions about sponsored materials and programmes were overwhelmingly constructed within a discourse of curriculum utility and student appeal. The corporate agenda was usually positioned as benign advertising and marketing and there wes little understanding of the evolution of corporate public relations in recent years. Teachers decoupled the learning gain through school-business relationships from this corporate marketing. This steered them away from undertaking a deeper analysis of the corporate cultural agenda, limited their interest in the school's wider business relationships, and created a compelling argument for commercialized edutainment in schools. The business-like school was less capable of a critical understanding of the education-like business, and was often disinterested in resistance to school-business relationships. This thesis argues that school-business relationships need to be rescued by teachers from a discourse of pragmatic utility, and critically reconsidered as corporate pedagogies seeking to construct a consuming childhood and further various corporate ideologies and agendas. Schools as meaning-makers themselves are vital to this cultural assessment.</p>

Pedagogies of the Best Dressed: School-Business Relationships in New Zealand 1990-2004, Including the Case of Food

<p>In the 1990s there was public speculation that New Zealand schools and businesses were establishing new and more relationships. Three broad public discourses sought to articulate this shift and its effects. They collectively represented business motives for school-business relationships as commercial, social, or operationally focused, or mixtures of these. This thesis argues with evidence from literature and original research, and with special attention on the activities of the food industry, that the prime business motive for school-business relationships was commercial. This motive is explored within the interwoven cultural contexts of changing businesses, changing childhoods and changing schools. In recent years businesses have assumed greater power as corporate meaning-makers in childhood identities as the boundaries between the cultural categories of advertising, entertainment and education collapse and new hybrid forms emerge including new school-business relationship forms. As business integrate public relations with their marketing objectives, this meaning-making role in an information society has intensified and fulfils a wide range of objectives from increased sales to management of public opinion. Businesses with the most fragile public profiles have gravitated to schools the most, and school children have become both key producers and key consumers of the sign value of the socially responsible business. Childhood is considered within a social constructionist perspective and it is argued that businesses influence childhood identity through the transgressive pedagogies of children's popular culture, and the commercialized adult discourses of child development and innocence. The tensions between these are being brought to some resolution in the increasingly popular commercialized edutainment pedagogies offered to students in schools, which simultaneously address adult and child desires. Responding to school-business relationships in New Zealand from 1990 was the marketised and corporatised school. The structural and cultural dimensions of New Zealand's marketisation reforms enabled pervasive discourses of competitive entrepreneurialism and managerial pragmatism to jostle with educational ethics in school-business relationship decision-making. Many school-business relationships found favour as fundraising opportunities or complex and financially advantageous relationships, limiting the potential for teacher dissent or community deliberation and debate. Teachers maintained an influential role in the key area of curriculum-related school-business relationships, but in this research, their perceptions about sponsored materials and programmes were overwhelmingly constructed within a discourse of curriculum utility and student appeal. The corporate agenda was usually positioned as benign advertising and marketing and there wes little understanding of the evolution of corporate public relations in recent years. Teachers decoupled the learning gain through school-business relationships from this corporate marketing. This steered them away from undertaking a deeper analysis of the corporate cultural agenda, limited their interest in the school's wider business relationships, and created a compelling argument for commercialized edutainment in schools. The business-like school was less capable of a critical understanding of the education-like business, and was often disinterested in resistance to school-business relationships. This thesis argues that school-business relationships need to be rescued by teachers from a discourse of pragmatic utility, and critically reconsidered as corporate pedagogies seeking to construct a consuming childhood and further various corporate ideologies and agendas. Schools as meaning-makers themselves are vital to this cultural assessment.</p>

The business paradigm: explanation for patterns of business interactions

Purpose This paper aims to introduce the concept of business paradigm to conceptualize and explain differences in business interaction patterns in the IMP research. Design/methodology/approach The concept of the interaction and the concepts related to and driven from it describe the business at both a general level. At the same time, the IMP points out the uniqueness of business interactions. This paper addresses the specific lies between the general and the particular by referring to various patterns of interactions. To close that gap, this paper implies the Kuhnian philosophy of science to conceptualize the business paradigm. Findings The business paradigm is a socially constructed collective term. It simultaneously captures the cognitive (what business is and what rules it has) and social (business community) dimensions of the actor’s behavior and actions. It has two interdependent dimensions: cognitive and social. It determines how the actors view and do business, and it explains the variations of interactions. Research limitations/implications Not applicable as it is a conceptual paper. Practical implications Not applicable as it is a conceptual paper. Social implications Not applicable as it is a conceptual paper. Originality/value The concept of the business paradigm is a theoretical extension of the IMP actor’s theory. The dimensions of the business paradigm capture the psychological and sociological characteristics of the business actor. The business paradigm application provides an opportunity to find that business can be different because actors in various communities have various views on what business is and how it should be properly run. Adding the business paradigm concept to the IMP theory implies strengthening the theory explanation power because the interaction explains the business’s general characteristics. The business relationship explains the business’s unique features, and the business paradigm explains the various interaction patterns.

The Influence of the New Relationship between Political and Business on the Hi-Q Development of the Electronic Cigarette Industry in the Eastern Coastal Areas

The relation between political and business is a major social relationship nowadays, it is also an significant factor affecting the regional economic development. In 2016, the state leader has also proposed to build a new type of “close” and “cleaning” political and business relationship. Under the new normal, China’s economic development has changed from emphasis on increment to quality. In the Hi-Q development, real economy is the cornerstone of the overall economic. In recent years, as an emerging real economy, electronic cigarette industry has fast-paced in China. The upstream and downstream industrial chains are mainly concentrated in China’s eastern coastal areas, what follows is the rapid spreading of electronic cigarette stores. Thus, it is essential to probe the impact of the new political business relationship on the Hi-Q development of the electronic cigarette industry, exploring ways to improve the new political business relationship, to the extent that realize the Hi-Q development of it. This study uses the empirical analysis on the influence of the new political business relationship on the high-quality development of the electronic cigarette industry. In empirical analysis, the first process is to set up the index system of Hi-Q development level of the electronic cigarette industry combined with the new development concept, according to the data of the eastern coastal areas from 2011 to 2017, then use the entropy method to assess the Hi-Q development index of the electronic cigarette industry of eastern coastal provinces, and finally use the fixed effect panel model, select the government intervention as the core explanatory variable, select the corruption index and legal environment as the important explanatory variables and human capital as the controlled variables to implement empirical analysis on the influence of new political business relationship on the high-quality development of the electronic cigarette industry. The upshot demonstrate that new political business relationship can facilitate the Hi-Q development of the electronic cigarette industry effectively. As a result, the new political business relationship can effectively facilitate the high-quality development of the electronic cigarette industry.

Effect of E-Trust and Marketing Public Relation on Customer's Purchasing Decision on the E-Commerce Market (Study on Lotte Mart Grosir Medan Customers)

Purchase decision is a stage that a buyer makes to choice and purchase products and then consume them. Many factors influencing on the purchase decision including e-trust and marketing public relations. Consumer trust (e-trust) is one of the factors in e-commerce that plays an important role to maintain business relationship, especially e-commerce businesses that require consumers to pay before receiving an order. Another factor that influences online purchasing decision is marketing public relations. The present study is a survey using an associative quantitative approach aimed at determining the effect of E-trust, publicity, sponsorship and special events on purchasing decision of products offered by Lotte Mart Grosir Medan. The population included all Lotte Mart Grosir Medan consumers who have used the Lotte Mart Grosir online purchasing application during 2019 as of 2174. The sampling method used an accidental sampling resulting in 96 samples. The data collection method used a questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed by using a multiple linear regression. The results of research and data analysis show that the factors of E-trust, publicity, sponsorship and special events have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. E-trust partially has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Publicity partially has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Sponsorship partially has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Special events partially has a significant influence on purchasing decision. It is suggested to the Lotte Mart Grosir Medan to simply the website application to customer or prospective customer can easily apply the website to know products and to make transactions. Keywords: E-trust, Marketing Public Relations, Online Purchasing Decision.

Investigating the Effects of Islamic Business Ethics and Etiquette on Business Relationships and Customers’ Adoption of Internet Banking

<p><b>AbstractThanks to technological advancement and growth, banks across the world offer Internet banking (IB) services to their customers. Internet banking services can be considered as a substitute distribution channel for banks, as they lower costs and make it easier for customers to manage their bank accounts remotely 24/7. Despite the obvious benefits of internet banking, large numbers of customers are reluctant to adopt IB services. One reason for their reluctance is because adopting IB services is a form of change, and people have a natural resistance to change. Hence, numerous researchers have studied the factors that influence customers’ adoption of IB services. </b></p> <p>Business relationships are considered one of the most valuable keys to business success. ‘Relationship Marketing’ has emerged as a concept that emphasizes establishing, strengthening, and maintaining a buyer-seller relationship. In today’s business environment, businesses focus more on their relationship networks than on the product itself. These relationships are affected by religious and cultural values. Thus, the way people perceive certain behaviours will depend upon their culture and religion. For example, the Islamic culture and ethical values affects the way Muslims behave and perceive behaviours, as Islam covers all aspects of life.</p> <p>This research is designed to investigate the role of business ethics and etiquette in building high-quality business relationships during the inception stage of the relationship. It also examines the effect of a business relationship on customers’ willingness to adopt IB services. The research was conducted from the customers’ perspective by using a quantitative method; a survey was distributed to a sample from the Jordanian Islamic banking market. Findings of this research indicated a significant positive effect of Islamic business ethics and etiquette on business relationship quality at all of the proposed variables except Ihsan, it also indicated a significant positive effect of business relationship quality on the adoption of internet banking. Results also showed a significant mediating effect of business relationship quality between business ethics and etiquette and internet banking adoption. </p> <p>This research contributes to the existing body of research in the fields of business ethics and etiquette, relationship marketing, and internet banking adoption. It gives in depth insight on the nature of the relationships of the variables within the research model. This research examined some variables that have not been studied before and provides evidence for future research; it also provides business practitioners with a better understanding of the nature of the factors affecting internet banking adoption and ways to enhance their relationships with their customers. </p> <p> Keywords: Relationship Marketing, Business Relationships, Business Ethics, Business Etiquette, Islamic Business Ethics and Etiquette, Internet Banking Adoption.</p>