Chapter 3 – Direktor am Fritz-Haber-Institut

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

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Projected Structure of the Surface Protein of Sulfolobus Spec. B12 Determined to a Resolution of 1.0 NM by Cryo-Electronmicroscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179269 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 102-103

Author(s):

G. Lembcke ◽

F. Zemlin

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Maximum Dose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Protein S ◽

Radiation Sensitivity ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Molecular Architecture ◽

High Radiation ◽

Fritz Haber

The thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus spec. B12 , which is closely related to Sulfolobus solfataricus , possesses a regularly arrayed surface protein (S-layer), which is linked to the plasma membrane via spacer elements spanning a distinct interspace of approximately 18 nm. The S-layer has p3-Symmetry and a lattice constant of 21 nm; three-dimensional reconstructions of negatively stained fragments yield a layer thickness of approximately 6-7 nm.For analysing the molecular architecture of Sulfolobus surface protein in greater detail we use aurothioglucose(ATG)-embedding for specimen preparation. Like glucose, ATG, is supposed to mimic the effect of water, but has the advantage of being less volatile. ATG has advantages over glucose when working with specimens composed exclusively of protein because of its higher density of 2.92 g cm-3. Because of its high radiation sensitivity electromicrographs has to be recorded under strict low-dose conditions. We have recorded electromicrographs with a liquid helium-cooled superconducting electron microscope (the socalled SULEIKA at the Fritz-Haber-lnstitut) with a specimen temperature of 4.5 K and with a maximum dose of 2000 e nm-2 avoiding any pre-irradiation of the specimen.

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The Pale Death: Poison Gas and German Racial Exceptionalism, 1915–1945

Central European History ◽

10.1017/s0008938920000515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 273-296

Author(s):

Peter Thompson

Keyword(s):

Chemical Defense ◽

German Society ◽

Chemical Weapons ◽

The Holocaust ◽

The World ◽

French Colonial ◽

German Jewish ◽

Fritz Haber

AbstractIn April of 1915, the German-Jewish chemist Fritz Haber supervised the first deployment of industrialized chemical weapons against French colonial troops. The uncertain nature of the attack, both in its execution and outcome, led many German military men to question the controllability of poison gas. Over the next three decades, Germans would continue this line of inquiry, as aero-chemical attacks appeared increasingly imminent. This article narrates the German search for control over chemical weapons between the world wars, revealing the ways in which interwar techno-nationalists tied the mastery of poison gas to ethno-racial definitions of Germanness. Under the Nazis, leaders in civilian aero-chemical defense picked up this interwar thread and promoted a dangerous embrace of gas that would supposedly cull the technically superior Germans from other lesser races. Although this vision of a chemically saturated world did not suffuse German society, such logic did play out in the gas chambers of the Holocaust.

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Preparation of Solid Catalysts Edited by G. Ertl (Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max Planck Society), H. Knozinger (Ludwig-Maximilian-University), and J. Weitkamp (University of Stuttgart). Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. 1999. xviii +622 pp. $175.00. ISBN 3-527-29826-6

Journal of the American Chemical Society ◽

10.1021/ja004861j ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 123 (15) ◽

pp. 3621-3621

Keyword(s):

Max Planck ◽

Solid Catalysts ◽

Max Planck Society ◽

Fritz Haber

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Setsuro Tamaru and Fritz Haber: Links between Japan and Germany in Science and Technology

The Chemical Record ◽

10.1002/tcr.201402086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 535-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hideko Tamaru Oyama

Keyword(s):

Science And Technology ◽

Fritz Haber

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Robert Le Rossignol, 1884–1976: Engineer of the ‘Haber’ process

Notes and Records the Royal Society journal of the history of science ◽

10.1098/rsnr.2016.0019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 263-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deri Sheppard

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

World War I ◽

High Power ◽

Financial Support ◽

National Policy ◽

Professional Life ◽

World War ◽

Power Sources ◽

The Uk ◽

Fritz Haber

In March 1908, the BASF at Ludwigshafen provided financial support to Fritz Haber in his attempt to synthesize ammonia from the elements. The process that now famously bears his name was demonstrated to BASF in July 1909. However, its engineer was Haber's private assistant, Robert Le Rossignol, a young British chemist from the Channel Islands with whom Haber made a generous financial arrangement regarding subsequent royalties. Le Rossignol left Haber in August 1909 as BASF began the industrialization of their process, taking a consultancy at the Osram works in Berlin. He was interned briefly during World War I before being released to resume his occupation. His position eventually led to His Majesty's Government formulating a national policy regarding released British internees in Germany. After the war Le Rossignol spent his professional life at the GEC laboratories in the UK, first making fundamental contributions to the development of high-power radio transmitting valves, then later developing smaller valves used as mobile power sources in the airborne radars of World War II. Through his share of Haber's royalties, Le Rossignol became wealthy. In retirement, he and his wife gave their money away to charitable causes.

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