scholarly journals Effect of Background Speech Sound on Verbal Information Processing: Measurement by the N400 Component of Event-Related Potentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (0) ◽  
pp. 1EVA42-1EVA42
Author(s):  
Shigeru HAGA
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Processing Measurement ◽  
N400 Component

Event-Related Potentials in Psychiatry: Approaches to Research and Clinical Applications

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Brain

This article suggests that the potential usefulness of event-related potentials in psychiatry has not been fully explored because of the limitations of various approaches to research adopted to date, and because the field is still undergoing rapid development. Newer approaches to data acquisition and methods of analysis, combined with closer co-operation between medical and physical scientists, will help to establish the practical application of these signals in psychiatric disorders and assist our understanding of psychophysiological information processing in the brain. Finally, it is suggested that psychiatrists should seek to understand these techniques and the data they generate, since they provide more direct access to measures of complex cerebral processes than current clinical methods.

Endophenotypes and Diagnostic Categories: Event-related Potentials and the Schizophrenia-bipolar Dichotomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Maltez ◽  
D. Dias ◽  
H. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Biologic Markers ◽  
Related Potentials

After decades of neuroscientific research and taxonomic endeavour in psychiatry the quest for biologic markers specific enough to accommodate nosologic categories has not succeeded. Yet, neurophysiology and neuroimaging have developed pwoerful tools to investigate brain function. An immense amount of data has been accumulated regarding normal and pathologic information processing, cognition, emotion and other domains. Some have been correlated with genes underpinning diseases and are candidate endophenotypes. These stand at an intermediate level between genes and phenotype. They encompass several kinds of dysfunctions or abnormalities in brain structure. Rather than matching to singular diagnostic categories, as we devise them today, the same endophenotype is usually shared by distinct pathologic entities. Assuming tha they reflect specif dysfunctions this raises critical questions regarding the DSM way of classifying mental disorders and to the understanding of the neurobiologic phenomena underlying them. It is the purpose of this presentation to discuss these questions and review some of the data, including our own, concerning event-related potentials endophenotypes of psychosis with special focus on the schizophrenia-bipolar dichotomy and present.

Abnormal auditory N400 in a case of zolpidem dependence, during a working memory test

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A. Liappas ◽  
Charalabos C. Papageorgiou ◽  
Andreas D. Rabavilas
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Term Management

AbstractZolpidem is a GABA (A) agonist, which is indicated for the short-term management of insomnia. Recent research provide evidence suggesting that zolpidem produces spatial working memory (WM) deficits and dependence; however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unknown. Since the auditory N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPS) is considered as an index of memory use of context processing, the present study focused on N400 waveform of ERPs elicited during a WM task in a case suffering from zolpidem dependence. The patterns of N400 waveform of this case were compared to the patterns obtained from healthy controls. This comparison revealed that zolpidem dependence is accompanied by reduced amplitudes located at posterior brain areas and diffuse prolongation of N400. These findings may indicate that zolpidem dependence manifests alterations with regard to the memory use of context processing, involving or affecting a wide-ranging network of the brain's structures.

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study of Phonological Priming between Bisyllabic Spoken Words

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dumay ◽  
Abdelrhani Benraïss ◽  
Brian Barriol ◽  
Cécile Colin ◽  
Monique Radeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Lexical Processes

Phonological priming between bisyllabic (CV.CVC) spoken items was examined using both behavioral (reaction times, RTs) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials, ERPs) measures. Word and pseudoword targets were preceded by pseudoword primes. Different types of final phonological overlap between prime and target were compared. Critical pairs shared the last syllable, the rime or the coda, while unrelated pairs were used as controls. Participants performed a target shadowing task in Experiment 1 and a delayed lexical decision task in Experiment 2. RTs were measured in the first experiment and ERPs were recorded in the second experiment. The RT experiment was carried out under two presentation conditions. In Condition 1 both primes and targets were presented auditorily, while in Condition 2 the primes were presented visually and the targets auditorily. Priming effects were found in the unimodal condition only. RTs were fastest for syllable overlap, intermediate for rime overlap, and slowest for coda overlap and controls that did not differ from one another. ERPs were recorded under unimodal auditory presentation. ERP results showed that the amplitude of the auditory N400 component was smallest for syllable overlap, intermediate for rime overlap, and largest for coda overlap and controls that did not differ from one another. In both experiments, the priming effects were larger for word than for pseudoword targets. These results are best explained by the combined influences of nonlexical and lexical processes, and a comparison of the reported effects with those found in monosyllables suggests the involvement of rime and syllable representations.

Effects of Breast Milk and Milk Formula Diets on Synthesized Speech Sound-Induced Event-Related Potentials in 3- and 6-Month-Old Infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkui Jing ◽  
R. T. Pivik ◽  
Roscoe A. Dykman ◽  
Janet M. Gilchrist ◽  
Thomas M. Badger
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Synthesized Speech ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Formula Diets

Brain Indicators of Altered Attention and Information Processing in Schizophrenic Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Barrett ◽  
W. C. McCallum ◽  
P. V. Pocock
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Target Detection Task

Late components of brain event-related potentials reflect aspects of selective attention, stimulus evaluation, and possibly memory update mechanisms. Several of these components were measured during an auditory target detection task, performed by 20 schizophrenic and 20 normal subjects. Both the amplitude of those components and a more general late amplitude measure were significantly reduced in schizophrenics, for both target and non-target stimuli. One general late amplitude measure, from the scalp vertex, could alone correctly classify 85% of patients and 95% of controls. The source of these differences may lie in a protracted positive potential shift.

scholarly journals Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Hämäläinen ◽  
Nicole Landi ◽  
Otto Loberg ◽  
Kaisa Lohvansuu ◽  
Kenneth Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Us Children

Development of reading skills has been shown to be tightly linked to phonological processing skills and to some extent to speech perception abilities. Although speech perception is also known to play a role in reading development, it is not clear which processes underlie this connection. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated the speech processing mechanisms for common and uncommon sound contrasts (/ba/-/da/-/ga/ and /ata/-/at: a/) with respect to the native language of school-age children in Finland and the US. In addition, a comprehensive behavioral test battery of reading and phonological processing was administered. ERPs revealed that the children could discriminate between the speech sound contrasts (place of articulation and phoneme length) regardless of their native language. No differences emerged between the Finnish and US children in their change detection responses. The brain responses to the phoneme length contrast, however, correlated robustly with reading scores in the US children, with larger responses being linked to poorer reading skills. Finnish children also showed correlations between the reading and phonological measures and ERP responses, but the pattern of results was not as clear as for the US children. The results indicate that speech perception is linked to reading skills and this link is more robust for uncommon speech sound contrasts.

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