Intrinsic Protection of Water Mains

CORROSION ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
M. UNZ
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Trunk Line ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Inherent protection against corrosion hazards is essential in water supply systems. External corrosion is reduced by the use of cement coatings and separation of heterogeneous line sections. Internal galvanic action, especially in prestressed concrete structures, is eliminated by separation or matching of materials. A complete solution of the problem is attained only by electrically nonconducting pipe. Internal corrosion and blocking of pipes can be prevented by water treatment. Investigations on an irrigation system confirm that bare or bituminous coated steel components are anodic to cement coated lines. Irrigation outlets during the dry season also usually are anodic to the trunk line. In anodic areas a chemical absorption process takes place in the cement coating, which intrinsically increases its protective value. The presence of an adequate layer of pure cement over the steel surface is essential for this protective effect. 7.2

Comparative analysis of water–pipe network deterioration–case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kutyłowska ◽  
Maria Orłowska-Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents a comparative analysis of water-supply network deterioration in three Polish cities. The comparison was made on the basis of operating data (from the period 2007 to 2012) received from water utilities. The comparison is necessary to determine whether and to what extent water utilities should improve the technical condition of their water-supply networks. On average in cities A, B and C, failure rates λ (fail km−1 a−1) of water mains, distribution pipes and house connections were 0.20, 0.24 and 0.53; 0.17, 0.32 and 0.50; and 0.01, 0.48 and 1.63, respectively. The failure rates of the main and distribution conduits were higher in winter than summer, due to the weather conditions and the pipes' shallow depth. Smaller diameter pipes were more vulnerable. One city is exposed to mining exploitation and most cracking observed on the main and distribution pipelines arose from this. As the literature and these investigations indicate, the technical condition of water supply systems in Poland is still improving and rates of deterioration decreasing.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tuhovčák ◽  
Miloslav Tauš ◽  
Tomáš Sucháček
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems

The knowledge of the current technical condition of the operated system is in the interest of the owner or operator of public water supply systems. Such information is the starting point when making decisions on investment projects or planning water mains renewal. The submitted paper introduces the methodology of preliminary assessment of the technical condition of water supply systems and outputs of the software application TEA Water, which makes it possible to assess the technical condition of the specific elements of the water supply systems and clear displaying with the presentation of the assessment results for the entire considered water supply system.

scholarly journals Robust optimization methodologies for water supply systems design

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marques ◽  
M. C. Cunha ◽  
J. Sousa ◽  
D. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Hydraulic Simulator ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract. Water supply systems (WSSs) are vital infrastructures for the well-being of people today. To achieve good customer satisfaction the water supply service must always be able to meet people's needs, in terms of both quantity and quality. But unpredictable extreme conditions can cause severe damage to WSSs and lead to poorer levels of service or even to their failure. Operators dealing with a system's day-to-day operation know that events like burst water mains can compromise the functioning of all or part of a system. To increase a system's reliability, therefore, designs should take into account operating conditions other than normal ones. Recent methods based on robust optimization can be used to solve optimization problems which involve uncertainty and can find designs which are able to cope with a range of operating conditions. This paper presents a robust optimization model for the optimal design of water supply systems operating under different circumstances. The method presented here uses a hydraulic simulator linked to an optimizer based on a simulated annealing heuristic. The results show that robustness can be included in several ways for varying levels reliability and that it leads to more reliable designs for only small cost increases.

scholarly journals Robust optimization methodologies for water supply systems design

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marques ◽  
M. C. Cunha ◽  
J. Sousa ◽  
D. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Hydraulic Simulator ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract. Water supply systems (WSSs) are vital infrastructures for the well-being of people today. To achieve good customer satisfaction the water supply service must always be able to meet people's needs, in terms of both quantity and quality. But unpredictable extreme conditions can cause severe damage to WSSs and lead to poorer levels of service or even to their failure. Operators dealing with a system's day-to-day operation know that events like burst water mains can compromise the functioning of all or part of a system. To increase a system's reliability, therefore, designs should take into account operating conditions other than normal ones. Recent approaches based on robust optimization can be used to solve optimization problems which involve uncertainty and can find designs which are able to cope with a range of operating conditions. This paper presents a robust optimization model for the optimal design of water supply systems operating under different circumstances. The model presented here uses a hydraulic simulator linked to an optimizer based on a simulated annealing heuristic. The results show that robustness can be included in several ways for varying levels reliability and that it leads to more reliable designs for only small cost increases.

Technical auditing of water supply systems – part 1: the complex methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tuhovčák ◽  
Tomáš Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Sucháček
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Single Part

Abstract To ensure the sustainability and reliability of water supply infrastructure, a basic pre-condition must be applied related to its continual renewal. For renewal planning, there are a number of methods, techniques and software tools for decision-support, but in many cases most of them focus only on water mains. However, water supply systems consist of more various parts and structures than simply water pipes. Therefore, it is not appropriate to invest in renewal planning for a single part of the water supply infrastructure only. An effective and detailed evaluation of the technical condition requires the deployment of specialists and a reliable database, as well as considerable amounts of time, instrumentation and software. Therefore, it is preferable to first perform a rapid and efficient preliminary identification of problematic areas and elements of the entire water supply system. This paper presents the methodology and Technical and Energy Audit (TEA Water), as well as an effective preliminary assessment of the technical condition of water supply systems (WSSs). The paper presents the structure of proposed technical indicators, the method of their determination and evaluation, as well as including a presentation of case studies.

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