So You Want to Be in Fashion? Fashion Auxiliary Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Keyword(s):  
Auxiliary Services

scholarly journals Analysis of Operation Rules of Provincial Peak Shaving Auxiliary Service Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Wang Xingkai ◽  
Tang Yijin ◽  
Li Hongze
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Auxiliary Services

In order to implement the requirements of the power system reform, to ensure the safety, stability and economic operation of the power system, and to promote the consumption of new energy, all provinces in China have built the peak-control auxiliary service market, and explore the establishment of a new mechanism for sharing and sharing of peak-control auxiliary services. Based on the operating rules of the peaking auxiliary service market in Xinjiang, Shanxi, Gansu, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Northeast, Anhui, Ningxia, Shanghai, Shandong and other places, the author compares and evaluates the key content of the market operating rules from four aspects: market members and their responsibilities, deep peaking transaction details, emergency start-stop peaking transaction details, and measurement and settlement, and also finds a direction for the provinces to revise or adjust the rules of peaking auxiliary services in the future for the reference of power grid dispatching, power plant operations and other departments, in order to improve the understanding of relevant personnel of the peaking auxiliary service market.

Ascending capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Michael Peneder ◽  
Andreas Resch
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Excessive Demand ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Commercial Relationships ◽  
Auxiliary Services ◽  
Over Time

In the medieval feudal societies, finance had traditionally depended on the ownership of land as the foremost source of wealth and income. Over time, however, the excessive demand for resources by rivalrous European rulers, together with the continuous expansion of trade routes and international commercial relationships, offered opportunities for financial innovation, while the growing volume of transactions also led to increased specialisation. Finance, thus, gradually evolved from auxiliary services into a sophisticated business. This chapter tracks some major developments of the era, ranging from novel instruments to the management of sovereign debt, commercial credit and the origins of modern corporations, and addresses the early theoretical contentions that were induced by the expansion of financial innovation.

scholarly journals Optimal Capacity Sizing for the Integration of a Battery and Photovoltaic Microgrid to Supply Auxiliary Services in Substations under a Contingency

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6037
Author(s):  
Alejandra Tabares ◽  
Norberto Martinez ◽  
Lucas Ginez ◽  
José F. Resende ◽  
Nierbeth Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Optimal Capacity ◽  
Capacity Sizing ◽  
Auxiliary Services

Auxiliary services are vital for the operation of a substation. If a contingency affects the distribution feeder that provides energy for the auxiliary services, it could lead to the unavailability of the substation’s service. Therefore, backup systems such as diesel generators are used. Another alternative is the adoption of a microgrid with batteries and photovoltaic generation to supply substation auxiliary services during a contingency. Nevertheless, high battery costs and the intermittence of photovoltaic generation requires a careful analysis so the microgrid capacity is defined in a compromise between the investment and the unavailability reduction of auxiliary services. This paper proposes a method for the capacity sizing of a microgrid with batteries, photovoltaic generation, and bidirectional inverters to supply auxiliary services in substations under a contingency. A set of alternatives is assessed through exhaustive search and Monte Carlo simulations to cater for uncertainties of contingencies and variation of solar irradiation. An unavailability index is proposed to measure the contribution of the integrated hybrid microgrid to reduce the time that the substation is not in operation. Simulations carried out showed that the proposed method identifies the microgrid capacity with the lowest investment that satisfies a goal for the unavailability of the substation service.

scholarly journals Análisis de Confiabilidad en Subestaciones Eléctricas Tipo Maniobra Implementando el Transformador de Tensión con Núcleo de Potencia

Ingeniería ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Diego Ernesto Viteri ◽  
César Andrés Garzón Bustos ◽  
Eider Alexander Narvaez Cubillos
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transformer Power ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Auxiliary Services

Context: It is intended to conduct a technical study of a voltage transformer power core, used for the supply of the auxiliary services of a maneuver type substation, hoping to mitigate the possibility of losing the continuous electricity power supply and likewise reducing the dependency with the external supplier. This is a result of a collaborative project between the Bogota Energy Company and the Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas.Method: The study consists of two stages, the first one is an analysis of reliability of the substation auxiliary systems, carried out in three scenarios: before and after use of the transformer and using a unique generator for auxiliary services. The second one is simulation using the ATP software to verify the behavior of the equipment in transient state.Results: The reliability of auxiliary services increased after the equipment has been installed, as the failure rate went from 0.31 [failure/year] with the current system, to become 0.0025 [failure/year].Conclusions: The implementation of transformer is suitable for substations that do not have a reliable power system auxiliary services as it makes the substation auto dependent. Implement this system in Colombia would get a big increase in the reliability of the auxiliary services in maneuver type substations and therefore a lower probability of loss.

scholarly journals Optimization of Battery Energy Storage System Capacity for Wind Farm with Considering Auxiliary Services Compensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Guoliang Nan ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zhimin Guo ◽  
Qingshan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Optimal Capacity ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Auxiliary Services

An optimal sizing model of the battery energy storage system (BESS) for large-scale wind farm adapting to the scheduling plan is proposed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the variability and uncertainty of wind output, the cost of auxiliary services of systems that are eased by BESS is quantized and the constraints of BESS accounting for the effect of wind power on system dispatching are proposed. Aiming to maximum the benefits of wind-storage union system, an optimal capacity model considering BESS investment costs, wind curtailment saving, and auxiliary services compensation is established. What’s more, the effect of irregular charge/discharge process on the life cycle of BESS is considered into the optimal model by introducing an equivalent loss of the cycle life. Finally, based on the typical data of a systems, results show that auxiliary services compensation can encourage wind farm configuration BESS effectively. Various sensitivity analyses are performed to assess the effect of the auxiliary services compensation, on-grid price of wind power, investment cost of BESS, cycle life of BESS, and wind uncertainty reserve level of BESS on this optimal capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document