scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Ageing and Retirement System: Key Policy Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
A. T. Rakhmatullina ◽  
A. K. Izekenova ◽  
A. Tolegenova ◽  
A. K. Izekenova ◽  
D. D. Yermekbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Retirement System ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

The authors attempt to conduct interdisciplinary research in epidemiology demography and pension economics. A literature was selected upon its relevance to the following key words: COVID-19, ageing and retirement system. The following methods are used: Historical content analysis, information, and analytical, comparative analysis. The analysis part is mainly based on secondary data of Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and world recognized institutions’ reports such as World Health Organization, United Nations and World Bank. In the demographic analysis the traditional and alternative indices of population ageing such as Old Age Dependency Ratio (OADR) and Prospective Old Age Dependency Ratio (POADR) were widely used. By August 5, 2020, Kazakhstan has 94,882 registered cases of CVI, 67031 people recovered and 1058 deaths. Confusion in the demographic statistics of COVID-19 cases showed all the shortcomings. Even though the OADR and POADR ratios are rising in accordance with UN forecast, the global pandemic will adjust the population ageing, since the mortality of the elderly population from this disease is higher than in other age groups. The Kazakhstani retirement system has been suffered by the COVID-19 as well. Human losses, income poverty and increase in pension costs put a burden on state budget. The research presents recommendations on supporting measures in several directions that need to be taken by policy makers during post COVID-19 period in retirement system.

scholarly journals Population ageing patterns in Małopolskie voivodship by poviats until 2030

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Jolanta Kurkiewicz ◽  
Oskar Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Demographic Projection ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

Abstract.The aim of the paper is to demonstrate differences and similarities in population structures of the poviats of Małopolskie voivodship in the years 2010‒2030, with particular attention to population ageing. To describe the ageing process two types of indicators are used, namely conventional and prospective measures. As conventional ones we assume the percentage of the population aged 65 and over, and the old-age dependency ratio expressed as the number of persons aged 65 and over per 100 persons aged 20‒64. The same aspects of population ageing are expressed by a new group of measures based on a fresh concept for measuring age, the so-called prospective age. Unlike chronological (retrospective) age, prospective age takes into account the changes in life expectancy that occur in the period under consideration. Using the data coming from Demographic Years Book 2011, and from Demographic Projection 2008‒2011 (www.stat.gov.pl) some types of population ageing patterns in Małopolskie voivodship by poviats until 2030 are demonstrated. They count both differences in population ageing of poviats in Małopolskie voivodship and the dynamics of this process in view of conventional and prospective measures. The general features of demographic ageing in Małopolskie voivodship in 2010‒2030 are formulated in conclusions.

Demographic Ageing of the Population in Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Mariana Mourgova
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio ◽  
External Migration

Bulgaria is one of the most rapidly ageing countries in the world. The article examines the shift in the age structure of the population in Bulgaria in the period 1960-2014 as a result of the change in the main demographic factors – birth rate, death rate and external migration. The shift in some main measures of population ageing such as median age, dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio is presented and a comparison with some European countries is done. The results show that as a result of the decrease in birth rate, increased life expectancy and external migration, the age structure of the population of Bulgaria is changing and the proportion of the older people becomes higher while the proportion of the younger people decreases. The median age in Bulgaria is one of the highest and the dependency ratios are one of the lowest in Europe mainly due to the decrease in the birth rate

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