MIGRATION MOBILITY OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION YOUTH: PROPOSITION OF IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION -ANALYTIC SUPPORT OF REGIONAL MIGRATION POLICY

The development of the new information-driven society along with the penetration of the globalization processes in all social and economic activities became the entities of the liberalization of the migration relations, which simplify in general the youth moving and increase its mobility. Based on statistics and administrative data analysis about youth migration from Carpathian Region it was determined that quick spreading of the positive migration aspirations among the youthful population gets new looms and can lead to the migration deprivation ramp-ups in the Carpathian Region in the future. Mainstreaming of the external migration climate and escalation of the problem are also heavily mandated by the entity of the passive state and regional migration policy, which manifests through immature system of the real complex migration registration, unfinished state of system of the institutional-organizational and institutional-legal regulation of the migration processes at the regional and local levels, low quality and low organizational and technical options of the migration services’ infrastructure elements, insufficient use of the resources of the migration exchange programs in the field of education, science, innovation and research activities, tourism, investment and business projects, the lack of regional programs of the stimulation of the educational and labor migrants’ re-emigration. In the attempt to eliminate gaps in migration policy and minimize the risks and threats of the growth of migration activity of the Carpathian Region youth, the instruments and methods of external migration monitoring system’s improvement, the development of the regional databases of migration structural-dynamic characteristics, the development of migration policy preventive instruments aimed to regulation of the regional labor markets, and the corresponding implementation of the migration services market infrastructure’s development, stimulation of the educational and labor migrants’ re-emigration, improvement of the migration policy institutional support in the Carpathian Region were proposed.

Общегражданские и социокультурные ценности современной молодежи Забайкальского края (по материалам анкетирования студентов Читы)

В статье представлены результаты исследования ценностных ориентаций студенческой молодежи Забайкальского края по материалам анкетного опроса студентов разных факультетов Забайкальского государственного университета, проведенного в конце 2020 г. Анкета содержала вопросы, направленные на выявление индивидуальных ценностей и жизненных ориентаций студенческой молодежи. Среди значимых маркеров гражданской активности и досуговых предпочтений рассматривались как современные события и направления жизнедеятельности российского общества, так и эпизоды российской истории, объекты культурного наследия и природные богатства. По результатам опроса было выявлено, что в структуре идентичностей молодежи преобладает гражданская идентичность. В системе жизненных ценностей важную роль играет отношение к историческому опыту, традициям и культуре своего народа. Доминирующим при общении остается русский язык. Опрос показал миграционные настроения студентов, а также желание абсолютного большинства респондентов участвовать в волонтерской деятельности. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among students of the Trans-Baikal State University at the end of 2020. The survey included questions aimed at identifying the student youth’s individual values and life orientations. Current events and trends in the life of Russian society and episodes of Russian history, objects of cultural heritage, and natural resources were considered markers of civic activity and leisure preferences. The results of the survey revealed that civic identity prevails in the structure of identities. In the system of life values of young people, an important role is played by the attitude to the historical experience, traditions, and culture of their people. The Russian language dominates in communication. The survey showed that the students are oriented towards internal and external migration, and most of them are interested in volunteering.

Roma People, Where to? Tradition and Change in Roma Communities

Roma community in Romania is one of the largest ethnic communities in this country. Romani people integration and reducing disparities between the Roma community and the majority one is a priority for both the Romanian state and the Roma civil society. The integration of the Roma on the labor market is an important step in the integration process. This article proposes qualitative research through the interview method. The research question investigates whether traditional occupations practiced by Roma do not provide Roma access to the labor market today. The general objective of this study aims to identify and analyze qualitatively non-traditional socio-economic practices in the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. This objective has been operationalized in several specific objectives related to the identification of traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca, depending on membership in the subgroup / ethnic group, the identification of non-traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca, analysis of the role of traditional economic practices in preserving the lifestyle specific to the Roma ethnic group, as essential elements of culture in the communities of Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. The last two objectives propose the analysis of non-traditional economic practices taken over in the occupations of the members of the Roma communities from Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca following the process of internal and external migration, respectively following the intervention of European funded programs. The participants of this research are 10 Roma people from Cluj-Napoca and 10 Roma people from Timișoara. The research results show that with industrialization, traditional occupations tend to limit their activity and integrated Roma people no longer practice the traditional occupations practiced by their parents or grandparents.

STIMULATION OF EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

The purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to improve the modern state employment policy under the intensification of external migration of the population of Ukraine. Effective institutional-administrative, organizational-economic, and information tools of the state employment policy should be used to create and improve the quality of existing jobs, intensify employment in rural areas, eliminate shadow employment and wages, equalize imbalances in supply and demand in the labor market. Design/Methodology/Approach. To study the need to develop modern state employment policy in Ukraine, the authors used the following research methods - theoretical and logical explanation, statistical analysis, systematization and explanation, semantic analysis. The study was conducted within the framework of institutional economic theory, migration, and state regulation of the economy. Conclusions. The studies have shown that the containment of external migration processes by increasing the number and improving the quality of jobs, in connection with which the task of developing the state employment policy against the background of high migration activity of the population of Ukraine is relevant. It is substantiated that the main challenges of the modern sphere of employment in Ukraine lead to an increase in external migration, namely: formation of labor shortage in the national labor market, intensification of destructive changes in employment; low pay, especially for budget sphere workers, the spread of shadow employment schemes, which leads to a decrease in social protection of employees; strengthening of professional and qualification imbalance in demand and proposals in the labor market due to the mismatch in training the specialists for the needs of the economy. Other challenges are the unformed labor market in rural areas, preservation trends of open and hidden unemployment among the rural population, reducing the demand for labor in rural areas; lack of appropriate conditions for the development of inclusive labor market, the insufficient realization of opportunities and potential of the state employment services in ensuring the innovative development of employment. The objective necessity of realization of effective institutional-administrative, organizational-economic, and information tools of the state employment policy is proved, which largely depends on the natural containment of migration processes in Ukraine. The implementation of the presented tools is focused on economic stabilization of the situation in the country and regions by stimulating the de-shadowing of business and income, increase the welfare of the population, increase of opportunities for young people in employment, and the growth of aspirations of migrant workers to remigration and realization of own business goals on the territory of Ukraine. Originality/value. The value of the research lies in the development of the mechanisms to ensure the competitiveness of national and regional labor markets as a tool for regulating external labor migration, as well as for improvement of the state employment policy, especially the development of innovative and creative types of work.

Narratives in power and policy design: the case of border management and external migration controls in Italy

This article explores the relationship between policy narratives and the design of the Italian border management and external migration control regime in the last two decades. First, drawing from the theory of social construction and policy design and through a qualitative application of the Narrative Policy Framework, the article traces the evolution of narratives developed by key actors in government. Second, it investigates the design of the Italian externalization policy. Empirical material is drawn from government documents and decision-makers’ parliamentary interventions, press conferences, speeches, newspaper interviews and op-eds. The evidence shows that the dominant narratives have remained constant over time. Humanitarian rhetoric has been mobilized to justify and legitimize the implementation of security measures through bilateral agreements signed with African countries. The implications of such a design are relevant in that it poses serious concerns in terms of respect for migrants’ human rights. Overall, the article offers new insights into the empirical investigation of policy narratives and sheds light on the role of narratives in the social construction of migration policy design.

External migration and endogenous development nexus: challenges for the sustainable macroeconomic policy

El estudio identifica los vínculos entre la migración y el desarrollo endógeno, además de presentar el análisis de las áreas afectadas por los procesos migratorios, incluido el mercado laboral, la inversión, el comercio minorista y la actividad empresarial. Los modelos económicos y matemáticos del impacto de la migración en el desarrollo social (empleo, salarios, ingresos, índice de precios, gastos de los hogares) y económico (inversión extranjera, valor agregado, actividad económica extranjera, productividad laboral) se proponen y prueban con el ejemplo de las regiones occidentales de Ucrania. El estudio confirma la hipótesis de que la intensificación de la migración externa de la población tiene consecuencias tanto negativas como positivas para el desarrollo social y económico endógeno.Las medidas de la política estatal para minimizar riesgos y amenazas, y reforzar la influencia positiva de la migración en el desarrollo social y económico de las regiones de Ucrania.

The System of Regulation of External Migration in the Far East of the Russian Federation (1991–2020)

The article considers the system of regulation of external migration in the Russian Far East, which consists of bodies ensuring the entry and exit of Russian citizens and foreigners to the territory of Russia, the regime of their stay, registration, labor activity and naturalization. The periodization of the stages of the Russian migration policy in specific conditions determined by the political and economic conjuncture is given. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical conditions, as well as the characteristic features of the creation, functional formation and organizational transformation of the bodies of the system of state regulation of migration control in the period 1991–2020. The problems of their functioning and the results of the implementation of migration policy in the Russian Far East are considered. This article will briefly present the main aspects of the formation of the system of state regulation of immigration in the 1990s, as well as the associated difficulties that manifested themselves in the implementation of the state migration policy during the period under study. Based on the analysis of the activities of a number of federal and regional social, administrative and law enforcement agencies, the experience of state regulation of external migration in the period 1990–2020 is considered, the analysis of the implementation of the functions of the migration authorities system and the results of their impact on individual external migration flows is given. The opening of borders and the massive influx of migrants from Asian countries in the Far East in the 1990s coincided with the period of reforming the system of state control over migration, which was subjected to organizational changes, received a number of new functions and tasks. In the Russian Far East, the process of reforming this system was complicated by regional difficulties associated with the development of relations between federal and regional authorities with entrepreneurship and local self-government. The weakness and insufficient coordination of the activities of migration control bodies, their lack of common and understandable goals, the transfer of the competence of naturalization and registration of migrants into the hands of law enforcement agencies, the loss of social orientation in working with migrants have largely caused failures in social policy towards migrants, the formation of closed criminal communities in their environment, which are the basis for the formation of extremist practices and xenophobic attitudes in the host Russian society on the territory of Russia. As a result of the analysis of the results of the activities of the migration authorities system, general conclusions are made about the effectiveness of its work in the Far East, the successes achieved. At the same time, the article offers a number of proposals on improving work with foreign workers and immigrants, aimed at compensating for the loss of population and labor resources in the region. The results of the study can be used to improve the migration control system, to develop the foundations of migration policy in the region. The issues raised in it can become the basis for a more in-depth study of the processes related to the activities of state, municipal and public bodies involved in the regulation of migration, in order to attract, settle and adapt migrants necessary for the Far East.

SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STUDENT EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION

The article is aimed at identifying new trends in international and internal migration of Kazakhstani students based on the analysis of the results of a sociological study. The authors, paying special attention to foreign and domestic research within the framework of the topic, determine the need for an empirical study of the short-and long-term causes of international and internal migration of students in Kazakhstan.The article provides a qualitative analysis of statistical data on international and internal migration of Kazakhstani students, identifies the main causes of internal and external migration and a theoretical analysis of ways to prevent its negative consequences.

STATUS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION IN UZBEKISTAN

In recent years, Uzbekistan has been paying serious attention to creating new jobs and ensuring the stability of existing jobs in order to increase employment and economic activity. The main focus is on reducing unemployment, ensuring the employment of graduates of educational institutions entering the labor market for the first time, increasing the employment of vulnerable groups, in particular, women, people with disabilities, convicts, victims of human trafficking, external migration and others. In this regard, the normative legal acts adopted in recent years define a number of important tasks facing the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan.