Support for independence: Cross-generational Housing for Elderly & Millennial Students

<p>Statistics New Zealand estimates that by 2031, one in four Canterbury residents will be aged 65+ (Canterbury City Council). Accelerated ‘baby boomer’ population growth has shifted Christchurch’s current age distribution into a period of demographic transition. The implications of this shift means a likely increase in demand for “future proof” housing as dependency ratios accelerate beyond historic records (Davey 1). The term “future proof” factors in the rise in demand for accessible housing and potential for social isolation once an individual is widowed or physically impaired. Housing suitability is equally problematic for today’s millennial cohort. Rising rental prices and limited choice have also become a problem for Christchurch’s student population. Within this group, students at Christchurch’s main polytechnic (ARA) are of greatest concern due to a severe shortage of student accommodation. The institute currently offers 192 beds, a 267 per cent increase than what was available a year ago but an overflow of demand remains (Lee A1). This research proposes the establishment of an aged care facility, which incorporates student accommodation. Following a design-led research approach, this body of work has been developed by first identifying the problems faced by the client cohorts and then actively exploring possible solutions through design. These solutions are supplemented by a process of participatory observation. This involved moving in with my Nan for a period of 6 months. I actively recorded our experiences including the challenges and benefits found within this form of living. Designing an alternative that recognises the needs and wants of the baby boomer generation, could delay the need for social welfare intervention, while providing an option for students facing the harsh reality of New Zealand’s housing market.</p>

Support for independence: Cross-generational Housing for Elderly & Millennial Students

<p>Statistics New Zealand estimates that by 2031, one in four Canterbury residents will be aged 65+ (Canterbury City Council). Accelerated ‘baby boomer’ population growth has shifted Christchurch’s current age distribution into a period of demographic transition. The implications of this shift means a likely increase in demand for “future proof” housing as dependency ratios accelerate beyond historic records (Davey 1). The term “future proof” factors in the rise in demand for accessible housing and potential for social isolation once an individual is widowed or physically impaired. Housing suitability is equally problematic for today’s millennial cohort. Rising rental prices and limited choice have also become a problem for Christchurch’s student population. Within this group, students at Christchurch’s main polytechnic (ARA) are of greatest concern due to a severe shortage of student accommodation. The institute currently offers 192 beds, a 267 per cent increase than what was available a year ago but an overflow of demand remains (Lee A1). This research proposes the establishment of an aged care facility, which incorporates student accommodation. Following a design-led research approach, this body of work has been developed by first identifying the problems faced by the client cohorts and then actively exploring possible solutions through design. These solutions are supplemented by a process of participatory observation. This involved moving in with my Nan for a period of 6 months. I actively recorded our experiences including the challenges and benefits found within this form of living. Designing an alternative that recognises the needs and wants of the baby boomer generation, could delay the need for social welfare intervention, while providing an option for students facing the harsh reality of New Zealand’s housing market.</p>

Care of caregivers – who is responsible?

Demographic and epidemiologic transition coupled with increasing life expectancy has resulted in high old age dependency ratios and rising burden of comorbidities; especially non communicable diseases. This demands large pool of caregivers to support the dependents; physically, psychologically and financially. But the problems faced by caregivers – stress, anxiety, monetary, physical exhaustion and sickness, lack of time for personal care and health resulting in caregiver burden – is often neglected. This article summarizes the importance and/or role of caregivers, theirs problems and recommendations to identify, manage and prevent caregiver burden. The involvement of various stakeholders namely medical and para-medical colleges through training and medical education, hospitals, physicians, psychiatrists and/or psychologists, research organizations, governments and their policies is the need of the hour.

Age and Support for Public Debt Reduction

Many scholars and policymakers see the continuing rise of debt burdens in the advanced industrialized world as the product of aging populations and increasing dependency ratios. In fact, many prominent theoretical models of government debt accumulation -- often used to justify fiscal rules and austerity measures -- make explicit assumptions that individuals will have different preferences for debt reduction as they age. While such models have been influential, the fundamental assumption regarding the relationship between age and preferences for growing debt has not been test empirically. Using a decade's worth of data from the Eurobarometer survey across 33 countries, we find that age has a modest, non-linear impact on concern for national debt burdens. In general, the middle-aged show the most concern for debt reduction, while the young and the old are less likely to view reducing government debt as a policy priority. Notably, the relationship is strongest in countries with more generous old-age benefits.

Population Migration and The Challenges of Economic Growth in North Sumatera in Year (1988-2020)

Population increase has the impact on demographic transition (changes in population structure). Indonesia is entering the demographic bonus period, there is the increase in the percentage of the working age population. According to theory, population can affect economic growth (in this study the effect on gross domestic product or GDP). One of the demographic components that affect population composition is population mobility or migration. This study used migration, risk migration and dependency ratios to show the latest patterns / trends of population mobility (last 20 years). The results showed that the variables in this study had a positive and negative effect on GDP growth. Of the three variables, the greatest influence is given by percentage of dependency ratio variable. The results of this study showed that migration and risk migration had negative impact on economic growth while the dependency ratio had a positive impact on economic growth. North Sumatra must be optimistic to increase economic growth by utilizing components that can boost the economy and one of them is the dependency ratio.

Welfare for the Aged in Nigeria, a Sustenance for the Declining Older Population and Aged Male in Nigeria

A buttress on the need for welfare program in Nigeria and the important obligation to consider the Economics’ and CIA’s contextual position for the dependency ratios, both total and elderly dependency ratio alongside the consideration of the age structure and demography statistics of Nigeria relatively to other economies, particularly as an elixir for the declining older population in Nigeria and the aged male contraction in the nation. Although, older female population is higher in every country as obtainable globally, the Nigerian case is that of drastic contraction in both aged male and older population generally. Therefore, the submission is that the government has to consider total dependency ratio to the elderly dependency ratio, which is all-encompassing in order to cater for the declining older population and to appropriate the requisite welfare cum benefits programs in the nation.

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Pada Daerah Pemekaran di Pulau Sumatera)

Expansion of regions is aimed to prosper the community. In 2018 as many as 314 proposals for expansions could not be approved by the Minister of Home Affairs because the impact was not in line with expectations. This study aims to see the direct effect of the financial performance of the newly formed government regions on economic growth. Expansion area are divided into two forms, namely the old expansion area and the new expansion area. The financial performance of the local government is measured using the ratio of decentralization rates, regional dependency ratios, and the effectiveness of LGR (Locally-Generated Revenue) ratios. Population in this study is all the expansion areas of districts/cities on the island of Sumatera. Time-series secondary data year 2013-2017 covering regional original income, total regional income, transfer income, regional original income budget, and realization of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) were used. Using SPSS tool, the results shows that the ratio of the degree of decentralization has a negative effect on economic growth. Furthermore, regional dependency ratios do not affect economic growth. The LGR effectiveness ratio has a positive effect on economic growth.