scholarly journals Celibacy in the Antiquity and Middle Ages – From Religious Practice to Religious Rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Strahinja Kostadinović ◽  
Stefan Milić

Using a multidisciplinary approach, the paper provides a brief overview of the development of celibacy in the Antiquity and Middle Ages, shifting from a practice based on an individual’s personal decision to approach what they consider sacred, to a practice legally regulated in religious or social communities. In some cases of this regulation, celibacy becomes an obligation for members of those communities who want to occupy certain positions within it, while in others it is prohibited as a practice that destroys society. Greater attention was paid to celibacy in the Middle Ages, since in this period celibacy experienced its greatest affirmation in Christianity, passing within it the path from a practice that was desirable, but voluntary, to the norm for clergy.

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 143-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Swanson

The dead are the silent majority in the Church’s history – as they are, indeed, in humanity’s. The life after death is a matter of faith and conjecture more than tried and tested certainty, predicated on a soul which survives the death of the body. That raises issues about the nature and structure of the afterlife, its pains and delights. For the late medieval Church, the afterlife raised particular concerns and anxieties, its complex division into heaven, hell, and purgatory promising a future which had to be planned for. Strategies for eternity were a major force in religious practice, with death as the threshold to something unknown until experienced.


Author(s):  
И. Л. Кызласов

Своеобразие Южной Сибири заключено в зримости древних памятников. Созданные из камня, они стали обязательной частью местного пейзажа. Среди них и надо осознавать остатки средневековья. Как тогда воспринимались памятники предыдущих культур, прослежено на писаницах, могильниках и в храмовых центрах Хакасии. Рисунки, а затем геральдические знаки и молитвенные надписи средневековья не нарушают, а дополняют петроглифы былых времен, значит, сохранялись горные культы. Курганы VI-VIII вв. продолжают кладбища II в. до н. э. -V в. н. э., видно, осознавались кровные связи с предками. В VIII в. манихейский храм возвели в долине, где по ХХ в. оставались не потревоженными 14 скульптур и около 15 менгиров. Храм действовал среди языческих идолов - ближайшие монолиты были от него в 100-150 м. Достигнув Енисея, манихейство включило в свою религиозную практику местную руническую письменность, а вместе с нею, как теперь видим, и основной комплекс традиционного мировоззрения, тесно связанного с почитанием памятников древности. Взаимное проникновение привнесенных и местных верований сформировало новое религиозное направление - северное, сибирско-тюркское манихейство. Visibility of ancient sites is a unique feature of southern Siberia. Built from stone, these sites have become an integral part of the local landscape. Remains dating to the Middle Ages need to be identified at such sites. The way the sites dating to earlier cultures were perceived during the medieval times can be understood from rupestrian drawings, cemeteries and temple centers in Khakassia. Drawings and, subsequently, blazonry and medieval prayer inscriptions complement petroglyphs dating to the earlier periods (Fig. 1 and 2) rather than disrupt the picture these petroglyphs create. It means that mountainous cults were maintained until the medieval period. Mounds of the 6 -8 centuries represent a continuation of the cemeteries of the 2 century BC - 5 century AD; people were aware of the ties of blood with their ancestors. In the 8 century a Manichean church was built in the valley where 14 sculptures and around 15 menhirs remained intact until the 20 century (Fig. 3). Services in the church were conducted among pagan idols, the nearest monoliths were located at a distance of 100-150 m (Fig. 4). Reaching the Yenisei, Manichaeism incorporated local runic writings into its religious practice along with a basic set of traditional world view closely connected with worshipping the sites of ancient times. Mutual penetration of non-local and local beliefs generated a new religious belief, i.e. northern, Siberian-Turkic Manichaeism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Augusto Rocha

Partindo de André Miatello e Beatriz Bissio, realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de demonstrar o diferente valor da viagem para a cristandade e para o mundo muçulmano, objetificando ampliar análises relativas ao Outro. Ao apresentar a perspectiva de que ao longo da Idade Média a viagem para o mundo cristão estava vinculada a prática religiosa, busca se demonstrar o modo como à busca por conhecimento fazia parte da prática da viagem para os muçulmanos, para além das práticas religiosas. Ao contrastar-se o valor do conhecimento entre Ocidente cristão e Oriente muçulmano, se define a importância de analisarmos o Outro com atenção, buscando ir além de estereótipos e perspectivas simplistas.Palavras-Chaves: A viagem medieval; Cristandade Medieval; Oriente muçulmano; Valor do conhecimento.Abstract Starting from André Miatello and Beatriz Bissio, a bibliographic review was carried out in order to demonstrate the different value of the trip to Christianity and to the Muslim world, aiming to expand analyzes related to the Other. By presenting the perspective that throughout the Middle Ages the trip to the Christian world was linked to religious practice, it seeks to demonstrate how the search for knowledge was part of the practice of traveling for Muslims, in addition to religious practices. By contrasting the value of knowledge between the Christian West and the Muslim East, the importance of carefully analyzing the Other is defined, seeking to go beyond stereotypes and simplistic perspectives.Keywords: The medieval journey; Medieval Christianity; Muslim East; Value of knowledge.


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