Iambic verse in different literary traditions

This paper is devoted to study how the metrical verse like iambic tetrameter can be realized in different literary traditions. The formation of iambic verse in the Early Modern Time in Europe and its spread to the East of the Continent is investigated. The interaction between meter and language in different literary traditions during this process is considered and the nature of the meter’s implementation is determined. As a result of the transfer of iambic verse from one tradition to another, the highest degree of correspondence between meter and language is achieved. The utmost level of verse metricality was especially successfully embodied in the German and later also in the early Russian iambic poetry. However, the evolution and the further transfer of iamb on the East of the Continent significantly modifies the principles of interaction between metrical canon and language prosody.

Èjìgbòmẹkùn Market in Ilé-Ifẹ̀: Investigating the Nexus between the Mythical and Modern era of the Yorùbá History

Èji gbo ̀ me ̀ kụ n market has featured prominently in Yorùbá folklore, Ifa ̀ ́ verses, maxims, and proverbs. Therefore, the presence of a market by that name in the modern time at the northern end of Ìlaré̀ ̣ street in Ilé-Ifè ̣ reminds one of that mythical Èji gbo ̀ me ̀ kụ n market and the mysteries that ̀ surrounded it. One of the questions that normally flow into one’s mind is whether or not the modern Èji gbo ̀ me ̀ kụ n market is also shrouded in such ̀ mysteries as attributable to the mythical one. Tis study aims at ascertaining the importance of Èjigbo ̀ me ̀ kụ n market in the Yorùbá history as references ̀ are usually made to it by the entire Yorùbá race as an important institution. The study also aims at investigating the link between the mythical and the modern Èjigbo ̀ me ̀ kụ n markets with the use of historical method which involves the use of oral data gathered through interviews, archival documents, and relevant texts. It is hoped that historicizing such an institution with a mythical existence that have a modern offshoot will engender a better understanding of the Yorùbá history.

Philosophy of Music in the Image of the World: From Antiquity to the Modern Time

The article presents philosophical views on music in the context of the transformations of the worldview from Antiquity to the Modern Time. In this research author also mentions the contemporary issues, and uses her own philosophical concept of the music, which can be described as following: the value of music as a substance and the way of the valuable interaction of a person with the world affirm the essence of musical being, in which the invariable principle of Harmony, the principle of Chaos-Form movement, is preserved (see "The Value of the Music: Philosophical Aspect"). Music expresses the fluid essence of the world and changes of being in space and time. Philosophy of music as a field of philosophical knowledge considers music from ontological-epistemological and phenomenological-axiological prospectives, as something more than just a form of art. It explores the deep, ultimate foundations of the existence of music as such and the philosophical and aesthetic foundations of musical art. Since ancient times music has been a representation of the world in the human conscience and served as the harmonic equivalent of cosmological philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and astrophysics (Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Aristoxenus, Porphyry et als.). The scientific view on music was enriched in the Modern Time by the expanded view on the cosmo-sound space reflected in musical art, which at the same time transforms the mathematical ideas of geometricity, squareness etc. The tendency to create integral world music in the musical practice of the XX-XXI centuries explains the attempt of mankind to present music by modern methods of composing musical art as an expression of fear towards the secret Harmony of universal existence, and, on the other hand - as a form of search for salvation and mental balance, intuitively reflecting what is happening in natural science, which more and more points to the abyss of unknowable universe, and the unstable place of man in the world.

Should Russian Military Leaders Opt for Tactical Escalation in the Baltic States and Kaliningrad?1

Russia once again pushes its way to emerge as a major power in the international order after losing this status in the modern ‘time of troubles’ in the 1990s. Its political and military strategic leaders demonstrated willingness to employ all instruments of power as means of escalation to achieve this goal. Meanwhile, tactical military commanders are the ones in direct control of military escalation means and therefore their motivations, agility and rationality are also important factor in the Russian escalation processes towards the West. This research will look at these processes through lenses of game and decision-making theories.

Important Geophysical Comments for Nuclear Engineers and for the World Climate Democracy

These are important comments that give examples for physicists, geophysics specialists, climate scientists and other scientific professions as they may attempt to organize systems « playing with fire » (trying to achieve more profit by going near the red line of the accident) and offer a fair suggestion for the modern-time « climate democracy » with a Popperian proposal on a climate standard.

Metaphors of Society: The Medieval and Early Modern Social Imagination (In Lieu of an Introduction)

The article serves as an introduction to the publication of papers presented at the conference on Social Entities and their Metaphorical Interpetations. It raises the question of how people described social structures in the Middle Ages and Early Modern time, when no abstract concept of society existed, and the principles of its stratification were completely different in comparison to ours. According to the author, in order to enter the realm of social imagination of the past, we should remember that people then interpreted the structure of society mainly in terms of metaphors, using figures such as human body, chess, tree, wheel, etc. It is these metaphors that are analyzed in the articles based on conference papers and published below. The authors try to analyze social order images described in various written and visual sources.

FORMS OF RESOLVING THE CONFLICT OF LEGAL AND RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS IN MODERN TIME

The main types of conflicts between modern forms of religion and law have been identified. One of them is headed by representatives of traditional churches. The other is the bearers of a new, non-traditional religious consciousness – "New Religious Movements". The third – representatives of the secular legal worldview. Religious expertise is determined as the most adequate form of resolving conflicts between them. The key problems arising in the process of applying this expertise are analyzed.