Reopening the Western Trade

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Susan Sleeper-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
River Valley ◽  
New France ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Women’S Work

Versailles had very little interest in the Ohio River valley until the beginning of the eighteenth century, when increased amounts of peltry found their way into English hands. Cadillac founded Detroit to divert the trade back to the French, but only when Detroit traders and merchants supplied what Indians most desired did this fort become a viable exchange post. The trade changed dramatically in the eighteenth century, as a large number of matrifocal households emerged along the western tributary rivers of the Ohio. These female-dominated households not only controlled the food supply but were the processors of peltry, thus allowing women to exert greater power over the exchange process. More than 70 percent of the trade goods shipped to Detroit consisted of cloth, and women’s work of transforming cloth into clothing transformed the dress and prosperity of the region. Although Detroit secured a greater share of the trade for New France, it intensified the conflict between France and England.

Picturing Prosperity

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-209
Author(s):  
Susan Sleeper-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
Crucial Part

This chapter examines the stereotypes associated with the fur trade and contends that, in the Ohio River valley, an Indian-controlled fur trade was associated with increased levels of prosperity. This chapter also analyzes the types of trade goods transported into the Ohio region and shows how cloth became the most desirable object of trade. Europeans wove cloth to meet specific Indian demands, and traders transmitted instructions detailing the color, style, and even the weave of cloth meant for Indian consumption. By the mid-eighteenth century, luxury goods became a crucial part of the trade, and when the Seven Years’ War ended, the fur trade entered an expansionary period. Detroit emerged as one of the most prosperous fur trade posts in the western Great Lakes. This chapter is filled with dramatic illustrations of how cloth was transformed into the increasingly elaborate dress that characterized the diverse Indigenous people who lived in this region.

‘No Small Share of Ingenuity’: An Object-Oriented Analysis of Eighteenth-Century English Dressmaking

Costume ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-211
Author(s):  
Carolyn Dowdell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Object Oriented Analysis

This article details eighteenth-century English dressmaking through an in-depth, object-oriented exploration of garment construction practices and techniques from a maker's perspective. Building upon prior scholarship of women's work and aspects of pre-industrial English garment trades, this article employs primary and secondary source materials in conjunction with extensive object-based research of extant garments. The research findings outline exactly how pre-industrial English dressmakers’ skills were nuanced, sophisticated and adaptive to making and remaking, as well as the personal, haptic connections they cultivated with their work.

scholarly journals Stewart's Wilt Reactions of an International Collection of Zea mays Germ Plasm Inoculated with Erwinia stewartii

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald K. Pataky ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit ◽  
Noah D. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stewart's Wilt

Maize accessions were evaluated in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to identify additional sources of Stewart's wilt resistance and to determine if reactions differed among accessions collected from various regions of the United States and throughout the world. The distributions of Stewart's wilt reactions rated from 1 (no appreciable spread of symptoms) to 9 (dead plants) were relatively similar among groups of accessions from all regions of the world except for those from the Mid-Atlantic/Ohio River Valley region of the United States, the southern United States, and the northeastern United States. The mean and median Stewart's wilt rating for 1,991 accessions evaluated in 1997 was 4. The mean Stewart's wilt rating for 245 accessions collected from the Mid-Atlantic/Ohio River Valley region was 3.1, which was significantly lower than that for accessions from all other regions. The mean rating for accessions from the southern United States was 3.7, which also was lower than mean ratings for accessions from all other regions. Ratings from trials in 1997 and 1998 were highly correlated (r = 0.87) for 292 accessions and 15 sweet corn hybrid checks evaluated in both years. Of 20 accessions rated below 2 in 1997 and 1998, seven were from Virginia, seven were from the Ohio River Valley or central Corn Belt of the United States, four were from the northern or western Corn Belt of the United States, and two were from Spain. Ratings for these accessions ranged from 1.7 to 3.1 in 1999. Ratings ranged from 2.6 to 3.7 for F1 hybrids of these accessions crossed with one of two susceptible sweet corn inbreds, CrseW30 or Crse16, which were rated 5.7 and 5.4, respectively. Based on the reactions of this collection of germ plasm, it appears that high levels of Stewart's wilt resistance are prevalent only among accessions collected from areas where the disease has been endemic for several years, whereas moderate levels of resistance can be found in accessions collected from nearly everywhere in the world.

scholarly journals The Hopewell airburst event, 1699-1567 years ago (252-383 CE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Barnett Tankersley ◽  
Stephen D. Meyers ◽  
Stephanie A. Meyers ◽  
James A. Jordan ◽  
Louis Herzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Melt Glass

Abstract Meteorites, silicious vesicular melt glass, Fe and Si-rich magnetic spherules, positive Ir and Pt 25 anomalies, and burned charcoal-rich Hopewell habitation surfaces demonstrate that a cosmic airburst event occurred over the Ohio River valley during the late Holocene. A comet-shaped earthwork was constructed near the airburst epicenter. Twenty-nine radiocarbon ages demonstrate that the event occurred between 252 and 383 CE, a time when 69 near-Earth comets were documented. While Hopewell people survived the catastrophic event, it likely contributed to their cultural decline. The Hopewell comet airburst expands our understanding of the frequency and impact of cataclysmic cosmic events on complex human societies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document