scholarly journals BIDENS NATO DEFENCE POLICY TOWARD EUROPE – CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES FOR TRANSATLANTIC RELIANCE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Boštjan Peternelj
Keyword(s):  
Great Power ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
The Future

Bidens defence policy toward Europe opens many questions about the future of NATO because US have big expectations into transatlantic cable from European partners how to be they better prepared for providing collective security in an era of great power competition against Russia and China. He is facing with many challenges for preserving NATO solidarity through unconfident transatlantic cable. Difficulties still remain for NATO solidarity because some European NATO pillar states are opposing to set absolute US control above national contributions in forces and capabilities under NATO toll set. German-French alliance inside NATO pillar is going to reinforce European sovereignty and military autonomy at any cost which could worsen Bidens transatlantic link toward Europe. Poland and Baltic troika (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) could joint to this alliance.

Against Optimism

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-72
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Future

This chapter evaluates intentions optimism, the view that great powers can, under certain conditions, obtain the kind of information that would allow them to estimate the intentions of their peers with confidence. The first argument holds that there are some situations in which states can access firsthand information about each other’s intentions. The next three arguments contend that secondhand information about state’s intentions—evidence of their declarations, interests, and actions—can, on occasion, be a reliable guide to how they intend to behave. The fifth argument maintains that even if single clues are only marginally informative, multiple clues can, in combination, be a dependable indicator of a state’s intentions. The final argument deals with the future and contends that knowledge of how a great power intends to behave today can serve as reliable secondhand information about how it will intend to behave in the future. An evaluation of these arguments reveals that they are logically and empirically flawed. Intentions optimists have greatly exaggerated the odds that states can access firsthand information or acquire reliable secondhand information about each other’s current and future intentions. Hence, it is almost impossible for great powers to trust each other.

Oil and the Future of Great Power Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Kelanic
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Belt And Road

This concluding chapter explores the implications of the theory for great power politics as China continues to rise in the twenty-first century. If significant quantities of Persian Gulf oil could be realistically transported overland, away from U.S. naval interference, then the future threat to Chinese imports would remain low. Combined with a petroleum deficit that is likely to be large, Chinese coercive vulnerability could be held to a moderate level. Moderate coercive vulnerability should induce China to pursue indirect control as it emerges as a great power. Thus, the theory predicts that China is likely to eventually forge alliances with major oil-producing countries and transit states to keep oil in “friendly hands.” As yet, China is too militarily weak to shield friendly oil-producing states from interference by the United States or other potential rivals, but the beginnings of an alliance-based strategy appear to be taking shape under the auspices of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), described by some analysts as a nascent framework for twenty-first-century Chinese grand strategy.

The Future of the European Security and Defence Policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony King
Keyword(s):  
European Security ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Secrets to Su Shi’s Happiness under Any Circumstances: Transcending and a Positive Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Liu ◽  
Zhongwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hainan Island ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Su Shi ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Light

What have endeared Su Shi to countless followers in nearly a thousand years all over the world lie not only in his outstanding achievements in literary and arts, but also in his optimism in adversity. This paper probes into the insight secrets of why he could be happy most of the time to enlighten people nowadays to lead a happy, easy and peaceful life. Firstly, transcending constantly through keeping adjusting his expectations in accordance with the everchanging circumstances: transcending conventions to realize his people-oriented ambition when he was a young official; transcending material limitations when he was exiled for the first time to Huangzhou; transcending fame and power when he was back to court with great power; transcending himself when he was exiled for the second time to Huizhou and finally transcending everything when he was banished to the most remote Danzhou on Hainan Island; and secondly, seeing every circumstance in a positive light: overlooking the negative and magnifying the positive; indulging himself in the beauty of the nature; enjoying the present moment and being optimistic about the future without thinking.

Conceits, Collective Security, and the Future of Europe

2017 ◽  
pp. 189-236
Author(s):  
Charles A. Kupchan ◽  
Clifford A. Kupchan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Security ◽  
The Future
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