scholarly journals Impact of in-cloud aqueous processes on the chemical compositions and morphology of individual atmospheric aerosols

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 14063-14075
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Fu ◽  
Qinhao Lin ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Yiping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Refractory Mixture ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Chemical ◽  
Individual Particles

Abstract. The composition, morphology, and mixing structure of individual cloud residues (RES) and interstitial particles (INT) at a mountaintop site were investigated. Eight types of particles were identified, including sulfate-rich (S-rich), S-organic matter (OM), aged soot, aged mineral dust, aged fly ash, aged metal, refractory, and aged refractory mixture. A shift of dominant particle types from S-rich (29 %) and aged soot (27 %) in the INT to aged refractory mixture (23 %) and S-OM (22 %) in the RES is observed. In particular, particles with organic shells are enriched in the RES (27 %) relative to the INT (12 %). Our results highlight that the formation of more oxidized organic matter in the cloud contributes to the existence of organic shells after cloud processing. The fractal dimension (Df), a morphologic parameter to represent the branching degree of particles, for soot particles in the RES (1.82 ± 0.12) is lower than that in the INT (2.11 ± 0.09), which indicates that in-cloud processes may result in less compact soot. This research emphasizes the role of in-cloud processes in the chemistry and microphysical properties of individual particles. Given that organic coatings may determine the particle hygroscopicity, activation ability, and heterogeneous chemical reactivity, the increase of OM-shelled particles upon in-cloud processes should have considerable implications.

scholarly journals Impact of in-cloud aqueous processes on the chemical compositions and morphology of individual atmospheric aerosols

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Fu ◽  
Qinhao Lin ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Yiping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Chemical ◽  
Individual Particles

Abstract. The composition, morphology, and mixing structure of individual cloud residues (RES) and interstitial particles (INT) at a mountain-top site were investigated. Eight types of particles were identified, including sulfate-rich (S-rich), S-organic matter (OM), aged soot, aged mineral, aged fly ash, aged metal, fresh mixture, and aged mixture. A shift of dominant particle types from S-rich (29 %) and aged soot (27 %) in the INT to S-OM (24 %) and aged mixture (22 %) in the RES is observed. In particular, particles with organic shells are enriched in the RES (30 %) relative to the INT (12 %). Our results highlight the in-cloud formation of more oxidized organic shells on the activated particles. We also show that in-cloud processes may result in less compact soot, with the fractal dimensions (Df) of soot in the RES (1.82 ± 0.12) lower than those in the INT (2.11 ± 0.09). This research emphasizes the role of in-cloud processes on the chemistry and microphysical properties of individual particles. Given that organic coatings may determine the particle hygroscopicity, activation ability, and heterogeneous chemical reactivity, the increase of OM-shelled particles upon in-cloud processes should have considerable implications.

Isolation of Natural Compounds from Syzygium densiflorum Fruits and Exploring its Chemical Property, Therapeutic Role in Diabetic Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Krishnasamy Gopinath ◽  
Nagarajan Subbiah ◽  
Muthusamy Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Structure Activity

Background: Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used by the local tribes of the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, for the treatment of diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to isolate the major phytoconstituents from the S. densiflorum fruits and to perform computational studies for chemical reactivity and biological activity of the isolated compound. Materials and Methods: Two different compounds were isolated from ethanolic extract of S. densiflorum fruits and purified using HPLC. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, HRESIMS, and FT-IR data. Further, the chemical reactivity of the compounds was analyzed by density functional theory calculations and its therapeutic role in diabetic management was examined by comparing the structure of isolated compounds with previously reported bioactive compounds. Results: Of the two compounds ((6,6 & 1-kestopentaose (1) and 6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5- trihydroxy- 6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2,4,5-triol)(2)). β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase and β-amylase inhibition activity of the compounds were predicted by structure activity relationship. Conclusion: Structure-activity relationship analysis was performed to predict the therapeutic role of isolated compounds. These computational studies may be performed to minimize the efforts to determine the therapeutic role of natural compounds.

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