scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

scholarly journals Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract. China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important precursors for Nr compounds (including N2O5, HNO3, HONO and particulate NO3− and NH4+) in the atmosphere. Understanding the changes of NH3 and NO2 has important implications for the regulation of anthropogenic Nr emissions, and is a requirement for assessing the consequence of environmental impacts. We conducted the temporal trend analysis of atmospheric NH3 and NO2 on a national scale since 1980 based on emission data (during 1980–2010), satellite observations (for NH3 since 2008 and for NO2 since 2005) and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling (during 2008–2015). Based on the emission data, during 1980–2010, both significant continuous increasing trend of NH3 and NOx were observed from REAS (Regional Emission inventory in Asia, for NH3 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.16 kg N ha−1 y−2) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, for NH3 0.24 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2) over China. Based on the satellite data and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling named as the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), the NO2 columns over China increased significantly (p<0.01) from 2005 to 2011 and then decreased significantly from 2011 to 2015; the satellite-retrieved NH3 columns from 2008 to 2014 had no big changes but increased in 2015 (large increase from satellite IASI, but slight increase from MOZART-4). The decrease in NO2 columns since 2011 may result from more stringent strategies taken to control NOx emissions during the 12th Five-Year-Plan, while no control policy focused on NH3 emissions. Our findings provided an overall insight on the temporal trends of both NO2 and NH3 since 1980 based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling. These findings can provide a scientific background for policy-makers that are attempting to control atmospheric pollution in China. Moreover, the multivariate data used in this study have implications for estimating long-term Nr deposition datasets to assess its impact on soil, forest, water and greenhouse balance.

scholarly journals Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 9365-9378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract. China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important precursors for Nr compounds (including N2O5, HNO3, HONO and particulate NO3− and NH4+) in the atmosphere. Understanding the changes in NH3 and NO2 has important implications for the regulation of anthropogenic Nr emissions and is a requirement for assessing the consequence of environmental impacts. We conducted the temporal trend analysis of atmospheric NH3 and NO2 on a national scale since 1980 based on emission data (during 1980–2010), satellite observation (for NH3 since 2008 and for NO2 since 2005) and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling (during 2008–2015).Based on the emission data, during 1980–2010, significant continuous increasing trends in both NH3 and NOx were observed in REAS (Regional Emission inventory in Asia, for NH3 0.17 and for NOx 0.16 kg N ha−1 yr−2) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, for NH3 0.24 and for NOx 0.17 kg N ha−1 yr−2) over China. Based on the satellite data and atmospheric chemistry transport model (CTM) MOZART-4 (Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4), the NO2 columns over China increased significantly from 2005 to 2011 and then decreased significantly from 2011 to 2015; the satellite-retrieved NH3 columns from 2008 to 2014 increased at a rate of 2.37 % yr−1. The decrease in NO2 columns since 2011 may result from more stringent strategies taken to control NOx emissions during the 12th Five Year Plan, while no control policy has focused on NH3 emissions. Our findings provided an overall insight into the temporal trends of both NO2 and NH3 since 1980 based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling. These findings can provide a scientific background for policy makers that are attempting to control atmospheric pollution in China. Moreover, the multiple datasets used in this study have implications for estimating long-term Nr deposition datasets to assess its impact on soil, forest, water and greenhouse balance.

AGDISP as a Source Term in Far Field Atmospheric Transport Modeling and Near Field Geometric Assumptions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold W. Thistle ◽  
Milton E. Teske ◽  
James G. Droppo ◽  
C. Jerry Allwine ◽  
Sandra L. Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Term ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

scholarly journals Contributions of economic growth, terrestrial sinks, and atmospheric transport to the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the Korean Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongmin Yun ◽  
Sujong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract Background Understanding a carbon budget from a national perspective is essential for establishing effective plans to reduce atmospheric CO2 growth. The national characteristics of carbon budgets are reflected in atmospheric CO2 variations; however, separating regional influences on atmospheric signals is challenging owing to atmospheric CO2 transport. Therefore, in this study, we examined the characteristics of atmospheric CO2 variations over South and North Korea during 2000–2016 and unveiled the causes of their regional differences in the increasing rate of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by utilizing atmospheric transport modeling. Results The atmospheric CO2 concentration in South Korea is rising by 2.32 ppm year− 1, which is more than the globally-averaged increase rate of 2.05 ppm year− 1. Atmospheric transport modeling indicates that the increase in domestic fossil energy supply to support manufacturing export-led economic growth leads to an increase of 0.12 ppm year− 1 in atmospheric CO2 in South Korea. Although enhancements of terrestrial carbon uptake estimated from both inverse modeling and process-based models have decreased atmospheric CO2 by up to 0.02 ppm year− 1, this decrease is insufficient to offset anthropogenic CO2 increases. Meanwhile, atmospheric CO2 in North Korea is also increasing by 2.23 ppm year− 1, despite a decrease in national CO2 emissions close to carbon neutrality. The great increases estimated in both South Korea and North Korea are associated with changes in atmospheric transport, including increasing emitted and transported CO2 from China, which have increased the national atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 2.23 ppm year− 1 and 2.27 ppm year− 1, respectively. Conclusions This study discovered that economic activity is the determinant of regional differences in increasing atmospheric CO2 in the Korea Peninsula. However, from a global perspective, changes in transported CO2 are a major driver of rising atmospheric CO2 over this region, yielding an increase rate higher than the global mean value. Our findings suggest that accurately separating the contributions of atmospheric transport and regional sources to the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is important for developing effective strategies to achieve carbon neutrality at the national level.

scholarly journals 14C Analysis of Annual Tree Rings from the Vicinity of the Chernobyl NPP

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buzinny ◽  
Ilja Likhtarev ◽  
Ivan Los' ◽  
Nikolay Talerko ◽  
Nikolay Tsigankov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Temporal Behavior ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Samples of >40 pine trees were collected from around the Chernobyl NPP for radiocarbon measurement, to determine the spatial distribution of excessive 14C in tree rings from 1986 consequent upon accidental radiocarbon release. Tree samples were collected during 1995–1996 from sites situated at distances >2.5 km from the NPP and covering a variety of directions in relation to the NPP. To evaluate δ14C for 1986 annual rings, we compared 14C levels for separate 1985–1987 annual rings, taking into account the trend of operational releases. Early and late wood samples for 1986 annual tree rings were measured separately to increase the sensitivity and precision of measurements. The maximum value observed for excessive accidental radiocarbon levels (δ14C) was found to be 124 pMC (281.6 Bq kg-1 C). We present δ14C values for examined sites; their spatial distribution shows a high irregularity of atmospheric 14C depending on direction from the NPP. Using obtained data, we reconstruct the temporal behavior of 14C release during the Chernobyl accident with the aid of atmospheric transport modeling. The total amount of 14C released from 26 April to 5 May 1986 has been estimated as 44 TBq.

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