scholarly journals Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu An ◽  
Yiwei Huang ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Rusha Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Abstract. A high-resolution air pollutant emission inventory in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for the year 2017 using emission factors and chemical speciation mainly from local measurements in this study. The inventory includes 424 NMVOC species and 43 PM2.5 species, which can be subdivided into 259 specific source categories. The total emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, PM10, PM2.5, and NH3 in the YRD region in 2017 are 1,552, 3,235, 38,507, 4,875, 3,770, 1,597, and 2,467 Gg, respectively. SO2 and CO emissions are mainly from boilers, accounting for 49 % and 73 %, respectively. Mobile sources dominate the NOx emissions and contribute 57 % of the total. VOC emissions mainly come from industrial sources, occupying 61 %. Dust sources take up to 55 % and 28 % of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Agricultural sources account for 91 % of NH3 emissions. Major PM2.5 species are OC, Ca, Si, PSO4 and EC, accounting for 9.0 %, 7.0 %, 6.4 %, 4.6 % and 4.3 % of total PM2.5 emissions. The main species of VOCs are aromatics, accounting for 25.3 %. OVOCs contribute 21.9 % of total VOC emissions. Toluene has the highest comprehensive contribution to ozone and SOA formation potentials, and the others are 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene and so on. Industrial process and solvent use sources are the main sources of ozone and SOA formation potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among industrial sources, chemical manufacturing, rubber & plastic manufacturing, appliance manufacturing and textile have made relatively outstanding contributions. The inventory can provide scientific guidance for future joint control of air pollutants in the YRD region, China.

scholarly journals Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2003-2025
Author(s):  
Jingyu An ◽  
Yiwei Huang ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Rusha Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Abstract. A high-resolution air pollutant emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for 2017 using emission factors and chemical speciation based mainly on local measurements in this study. The inventory included 424 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and 43 fine particulate matter (PM2.5) species from 259 specific sources. The total emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, PM10, PM2.5, and NH3 in the YRD region in 2017 were 1552, 3235, 38 507, 4875, 3770, 1597, and 2467 Gg, respectively. SO2 and CO emissions were mainly from boilers, accounting for 49 % and 73 % of the total. Mobile sources dominated NOx emissions, contributing 57 % of the total. NMVOC emissions, mainly from industrial sources, made up 61 % of the total. Dust sources accounted for 55 % and 28 % of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Agricultural sources accounted for 91 % of NH3 emissions. Major PM2.5 species were OC, Ca, Si, PSO4, and EC, accounting for 9.0 %, 7.0 %, 6.4 %, 4.6 %, and 4.3 % of total PM2.5 emissions, respectively. The main species of NMVOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons, making up 25.3 % of the total. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) contributed 21.9 % of the total NMVOC emissions. Toluene had the highest comprehensive contribution to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potentials, while other NMVOCs included 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Industrial process and solvent-use sources were the main sources of O3 and SOA formation potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among industrial sources, chemical manufacturing, rubber and plastic manufacturing, appliance manufacturing, and textiles made significant contributions. This emission inventory should provide scientific guidance for future control of air pollutants in the YRD region of China.

scholarly journals The study of emission inventory on anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 951-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
L. Li ◽  
Z. Cheng ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Air Pollutants ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to develop an emission inventory for major anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region for the year 2007. A "bottom-up" methodology was adopted to compile the inventory based on major emission sources in the sixteen cities of this region. Results show that the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs, and NH3 in the YRD region for the year 2007 are 2391.8 kt, 2292.9 kt, 6697.1 kt, 3115.7 kt, 1510.8 kt, 2767.4 kt, and 458.9 kt, respectively. Ethylene, mp-xylene, o-xylene, toluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2,4-dimethylpentane, ethyl benzene, propylene, 1-pentene, and isoprene are the key species contributing 77% to the total OFPs. The spatial distribution of the emissions shows the emissions and OFPs are mainly concentrated in the urban and industrial areas along the Yangtze River and around the Hangzhou Bay. The industrial sources including power plant, other fuel combustion facilities, and non-combustion processes contribute about 97%, 86%, 89%, 91%, and 69% of the total SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and VOC emissions. Vehicles take up 12.3% and 12.4% of the NOx and VOC emissions, respectively. Regarding OFPs, chemical industry, domestic use of paint and printing, and gasoline vehicle contribute 38.2%, 23.9%, and 11.6% to the ozone formation in the YRD region.

scholarly journals Emission inventory of anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4105-4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
L. Li ◽  
Z. Cheng ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Anthropogenic Air Pollutants ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to develop an emission inventory for major anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region for the year 2007. A "bottom-up" methodology was adopted to compile the inventory based on major emission sources in the sixteen cities of this region. Results show that the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs, and NH3 in the YRD region for the year 2007 are 2392 kt, 2293 kt, 6697 kt, 3116 kt, 1511 kt, 2767 kt, and 459 kt, respectively. Ethylene, mp-xylene, o-xylene, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2,4-dimethylpentane, ethyl benzene, propylene, 1-pentene, and isoprene are the key species contributing 77 % to the total ozone formation potential (OFP). The spatial distribution of the emissions shows the emissions and OFPs are mainly concentrated in the urban and industrial areas along the Yangtze River and around Hangzhou Bay. The industrial sources, including power plants other fuel combustion facilities, and non-combustion processes contribute about 97 %, 86 %, 89 %, 91 %, and 69 % of the total SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and VOC emissions. Vehicles take up 12.3 % and 12.4 % of the NOx and VOC emissions, respectively. Regarding OFPs, the chemical industry, domestic use of paint & printing, and gasoline vehicles contribute 38 %, 24 %, and 12 % to the ozone formation in the YRD region.

scholarly journals Advantages of city-scale emission inventory for urban air quality research and policy: the case of Nanjing, a typical industrial city in the Yangtze River Delta, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 18691-18746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
L. Qiu ◽  
R. Xu ◽  
F. Xie ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. With most eastern Chinese cities facing major air quality challenges, there is a strong need for city-scale emission inventories for use in both chemical transport modeling and the development of pollution control policies. In this paper, a high-resolution emission inventory of air pollutants and CO2 for Nanjing, a typical large city in the Yangtze River Delta, is developed incorporating the best available information on local sources. Emission factors and activity data at the unit or facility level are collected and compiled using a thorough onsite survey of major sources. Over 900 individual plants, which account for 97 % of the city's total coal consumption, are identified as point sources, and all of the emission-related parameters including combustion technology, fuel quality, and removal efficiency of air pollution control devices (APCD) are analyzed. New data-collection approaches including continuous emission monitoring systems and real-time monitoring of traffic flows are employed to improve spatiotemporal distribution of emissions. Despite fast growth of energy consumption between 2010 and 2012, relatively small inter-annual changes in emissions are found for most air pollutants during this period, attributed mainly to benefits of growing APCD deployment and the comparatively strong and improving regulatory oversight of the large point sources that dominate the levels and spatial distributions of Nanjing emissions overall. The improvement of this city-level emission inventory is indicated by comparisons with observations and other inventories at larger spatial scale. Relatively good spatial correlations are found for SO2, NOx, and CO between the city-scale emission estimates and concentrations at 9 state-opertated monitoring sites (R = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.61, respectively). The emission ratios of specific pollutants including BC to CO, OC to EC, and CO2 to CO compare well to top-down constraints from ground observations. The inter-annual variability and spatial distribution of NOx emissions are consistent with NO2 vertical column density measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). In particular, the Nanjing city-scale emission inventory correlates better with satellite observations than the downscaled Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) does when emissions from power plants are excluded. This indicates improvement in emission estimation for sectors other than power generation, notably industry and transportation. High-resolution emission inventory may also provide a basis to consider the quality of instrumental observations. To further improve emission estimation and evaluation, more measurements of both emission factors and ambient levels of given pollutants are suggested; the uncertainties of emission inventories at city scale should also be fully quantified and compared with those at national scale.

scholarly journals Advantages of a city-scale emission inventory for urban air quality research and policy: the case of Nanjing, a typical industrial city in the Yangtze River Delta, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
pp. 12623-12644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
L. P. Qiu ◽  
R. Y. Xu ◽  
F. J. Xie ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. With most eastern Chinese cities facing major air quality challenges, there is a strong need for city-scale emission inventories for use in both chemical transport modeling and the development of pollution control policies. In this paper, a high-resolution emission inventory (with a horizontal resolution of 3 × 3 km) of air pollutants and CO2 for Nanjing, a typical large city in the Yangtze River Delta, is developed, incorporating the best available information on local sources. Emission factors and activity data at the unit or facility level are collected and compiled using a thorough on-site survey of major sources. Over 900 individual plants, which account for 97 % of the city's total coal consumption, are identified as point sources, and all of the emission-related parameters including combustion technology, fuel quality, and removal efficiency of air pollution control devices (APCD) are analyzed. New data-collection approaches including continuous emission monitoring systems and real-time monitoring of traffic flows are employed to improve spatiotemporal distribution of emissions. Despite fast growth of energy consumption between 2010 and 2012, relatively small interannual changes in emissions are found for most air pollutants during this period, attributed mainly to benefits of growing APCD deployment and the comparatively strong and improving regulatory oversight of the large point sources that dominate the levels and spatial distributions of Nanjing emissions overall. The improvement of this city-level emission inventory is indicated by comparisons with observations and other inventories at larger spatial scale. Relatively good spatial correlations are found for SO2, NOx, and CO between the city-scale emission estimates and concentrations at nine state-operated monitoring sites (R = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.61, respectively). The emission ratios of specific pollutants including BC to CO, OC to EC, and CO2 to CO compare well to top-down constraints from ground observations. The interannual variability and spatial distribution of NOx emissions are consistent with NO2 vertical column density measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). In particular, the Nanjing city-scale emission inventory correlates better with satellite observations than the downscaled Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) does when emissions from power plants are excluded. This indicates improvement in emission estimation for sectors other than power generation, notably industry and transportation. A high-resolution emission inventory may also provide a basis to consider the quality of instrumental observations. To further improve emission estimation and evaluation, more measurements of both emission factors and ambient levels of given pollutants are suggested; the uncertainties of emission inventories at city scale should also be fully quantified and compared with those at national scale.

scholarly journals Urbanization-induced urban heat island and aerosol effects on climate extremes in the Yangtze River Delta region of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 5439-5457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhong ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Ruby Leung ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Synoptic Forcing ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Aerosol Effects ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. The WRF-Chem model coupled with a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) is integrated for 5 years at convection-permitting scale to investigate the individual and combined impacts of urbanization-induced changes in land cover and pollutant emissions on regional climate in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in eastern China. Simulations with the urbanization effects reasonably reproduced the observed features of temperature and precipitation in the YRD region. Urbanization over the YRD induces an urban heat island (UHI) effect, which increases the surface temperature by 0.53 °C in summer and increases the annual heat wave days at a rate of 3.7 d yr−1 in the major megacities in the YRD, accompanied by intensified heat stress. In winter, the near-surface air temperature increases by approximately 0.7 °C over commercial areas in the cities but decreases in the surrounding areas. Radiative effects of aerosols tend to cool the surface air by reducing net shortwave radiation at the surface. Compared to the more localized UHI effect, aerosol effects on solar radiation and temperature influence a much larger area, especially downwind of the city cluster in the YRD. Results also show that the UHI increases the frequency of extreme summer precipitation by strengthening the convergence and updrafts over urbanized areas in the afternoon, which favor the development of deep convection. In contrast, the radiative forcing of aerosols results in a surface cooling and upper-atmospheric heating, which enhances atmospheric stability and suppresses convection. The combined effects of the UHI and aerosols on precipitation depend on synoptic conditions. Two rainfall events under two typical but different synoptic weather patterns are further analyzed. It is shown that the impact of urban land cover and aerosols on precipitation is not only determined by their influence on local convergence but also modulated by large-scale weather systems. For the case with a strong synoptic forcing associated with stronger winds and larger spatial convergence, the UHI and aerosol effects are relatively weak. When the synoptic forcing is weak, however, the UHI and aerosol effects on local convergence dominate. This suggests that synoptic forcing plays a significant role in modulating the urbanization-induced land-cover and aerosol effects on individual rainfall event. Hence precipitation changes due to urbanization effects may offset each other under different synoptic conditions, resulting in little changes in mean precipitation at longer timescales.

Exploring the influence of two inventories on simulated air pollutants during winter over the Yangtze River Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Sha ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Hailing Jia ◽  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta
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