scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning on haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, China: a case study in summer 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30687-30720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Cheng ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
J. G. Watson ◽  
J. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. Open biomass burning is an important source of air pollution in China and globally. Joint observations of air pollution were conducted in five cities (Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Nanjing) of the Yangtze River Delta, and a heavy haze episode with visibility 2.9–9.8 km was observed from 28 May to 6 June 2011. The contribution of biomass burning was quantified using both ambient monitoring data and the WRF/CMAQ model simulation. It was found that the average and maximum daily PM2.5 concentrations during the episode were 82 μg m−3 and 144 μg m−3, respectively. Weather pattern analysis indicated that a stagnant process enhanced the accumulation of air pollutants, while the following precipitation process scavenged the pollution. Daily minimum mixing depth during the stagnant period was below 50 m. Both observation data and CMAQ model simulation indicated that biomass open burning contributed 37% of PM2.5, 70% of organic carbon and 61% of elemental carbon. Satellite-detected fire spots, back-trajectory analysis and air model simulation can be integrated to identify the locations where the biomasses are burned. The results also suggest that the impact of biomass open burning is regional, due to the substantial inter-province transport of air pollutants. These findings would improve the understanding of not only heavy haze and air pollution episodes, but also the emissions of such open fires.

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning on haze pollution in the Yangtze River delta, China: a case study in summer 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 4573-4585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Cheng ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
J. G. Watson ◽  
J. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. Open biomass burning is an important source of air pollution in China and globally. Joint observations of air pollution were conducted in five cities (Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Nanjing) of the Yangtze River delta, and a heavy haze episode with visibility 2.9–9.8 km was observed from 28 May to 6 June 2011. The contribution of biomass burning was quantified using both ambient monitoring data and the WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)) model simulation. It was found that the average and maximum daily PM2.5 concentrations during the episode were 82 and 144 μgm−3, respectively. Weather pattern analysis indicated that stagnation enhanced the accumulation of air pollutants, while the following precipitation event scavenged the pollution. Mixing depth during the stagnant period was 240–399 m. Estimation based on observation data and CMAQ model simulation indicated that biomass open burning contributed 37% of PM2.5, 70% of organic carbon and 61% of elemental carbon. Satellite-detected fire spots, back-trajectory analysis and air quality model simulation were integrated to identify the locations where the biomass was burned and the pollutants transport. The results suggested that the impact of biomass open burning is regional, due to the substantial inter-province transport of air pollutants. PM2.5 exposure level could be reduced 47% for the YRD region if complete biomass burning is forbidden and significant health benefit is expected. These findings could improve the understanding of heavy haze pollution, and suggest the need to ban open biomass burning during post-harvest seasons.

Exploring the influence of two inventories on simulated air pollutants during winter over the Yangtze River Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Sha ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Hailing Jia ◽  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

scholarly journals MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and HCHO in Nanjing and the comparison to OMI observations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Lok Chan ◽  
Zhuoru Wang ◽  
Aijun Ding ◽  
Klaus-Peter Heue ◽  
Yicheng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. In this paper, we present long term observations of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Nanjing using a Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument. Ground based MAX-DOAS measurements were performed from April 2013 to February 2017. The MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) are used to validate OMI satellite observations over Nanjing. The comparison shows that the OMI observations of NO2 correlate well with the MAX-DOAS data with Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91. However, OMI observations are on average a factor of 3 lower than the MAX-DOAS measurements. Replacing the a priori NO2 profiles by the MAX-DOAS profiles in the OMI NO2 VCD retrieval would increase the OMI NO2 VCDs by ~ 30 % with correlation nearly unchanged. The comparison result of MAX-DOAS and OMI observations of HCHO VCD shows a good agreement with R of 0.75 and the slope of the regression line is 0.99. We developed a new technique to assemble the source contribution map using backward trajectory analysis. The age weighted backward propagation approach is applied to the MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2 and HCHO to reconstruct the spatial distribution of NO2 and HCHO over the Yangtze River Delta during summer and winter time. The reconstructed NO2 fields show a distinct agreement with OMI satellite observations. However, due to the short atmospheric lifetime of HCHO, the backward propagated HCHO data does not show a strong spatial correlation with the OMI HCHO observations. The result shows the MAX-DOAS measurements are sensitive to the air pollution transportation in the Yangtze River Delta, indicating the air quality in Nanjing is significantly influenced by regional transportation of air pollutants. The MAX-DOAS data are also used to evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control measures implemented during the Youth Olympic Games 2014. The MAX-DOAS data show a significant reduction of ambient aerosol, NO2 and HCHO (30 %–50 %) during the Youth Olympic Games. Our results provide a better understanding of the transportation and sources of pollutants in over the Yangtze River Delta as well as the effect of emission control measures during large international event, which are important for the future design of air pollution control policies.

Stable and transport indices applied to winter air pollution over the Yangtze River Delta, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 115954
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Hanqing Kang ◽  
Xuewei Hou ◽  
Jinhui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

scholarly journals Insights into characteristics, sources, and evolution of submicron aerosols during harvest seasons in the Yangtze River delta region, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1331-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Zhang ◽  
L. L. Tang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
H. X. Yu ◽  
Y. L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract. Atmospheric submicron particulate matter (PM1) is one of the most significant pollution components in China. Despite its current popularity in the studies of aerosol chemistry, the characteristics, sources and evolution of atmospheric PM1 species are still poorly understood in China, particularly for the two harvest seasons, namely, the summer wheat harvest and autumn rice harvest. An Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) was deployed for online monitoring of PM1 components during summer and autumn harvest seasons in urban Nanjing, in the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of China. PM1 components were shown to be dominated by organic aerosol (OA, 39 and 41%) and nitrate (23 and 20%) during the harvest seasons (the summer and autumn harvest). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the ACSM OA mass spectra resolved four OA factors: hydrocarbon-like mixed with cooking-related OA (HOA + COA), fresh biomass-burning OA (BBOA), oxidized biomass-burning-influenced OA (OOA-BB), and highly oxidized OA (OOA); in particular the oxidized BBOA contributes ~80% of the total BBOA loadings. Both fresh and oxidized BBOA exhibited apparent diurnal cycles with peak concentration at night, when the high ambient relative humidity and low temperature facilitated the partitioning of semi-volatile organic species into the particle phase. The fresh BBOA concentrations for the harvests are estimated as BBOA = 15.1 × (m/z 60–0.26% × OA), where m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) 60 is a marker for levoglucosan-like species. The (BBOA + OOA-BB)/ΔCO, (ΔCO is the CO minus background CO), decreases as a function of f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA signal), which might indicate that BBOA was oxidized to less volatile OOA, e.g., more aged and low volatility OOA (LV-OOA) during the aging process. Analysis of air mass back trajectories indicates that the high BB pollutant concentrations are linked to the air masses from the western (summer harvest) and southern (autumn harvest) areas.

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