Review of 'Land use change associated with urbanization modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N2O emissions'

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Cycling

scholarly journals Land use change associated with urbanization modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N<sub>2</sub>O emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lona van Delden ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
Peter R. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Automated System ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Urbanization is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanization influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimates the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with a fully automated system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between a native dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and an extensively grazed pasture, wherefrom only low annual emissions were observed amounting to 0.1 and. 0.2 kg N2O ha−1 y−1, respectively. The establishment of a fertilised turf grass lawn increased soil N2O emissions by 18 fold (1.8 kg N2O ha−1 y−1) with highest emission occurring in the first 2 month after establishment. Once established, the turf grass lawn presented relatively low N2O emissions after fertilization and rain events for the rest of the year. Soil moisture was significantly higher and mineralised N accumulated in fallow land, resulting in highest N2O emissions (2.8 kg N2O ha−1 y−1) and significant nitrate (NO3−) losses of up to 63 kg N ha−1 from a single rain event due to plant cover removal. The study concludes that urbanization processes into peri-urban ecosystems can greatly modify N cycling and increase the potential for losses in form of N2O and NO3−.

scholarly journals Urbanisation-related land use change from forest and pasture into turf grass modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N<sub>2</sub>O emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 6095-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lona van Delden ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
Peter R. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Automated System ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Urbanisation is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanisation influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimated the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using a fully automated system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between the native dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and an extensively grazed pasture, wherefrom only low annual emissions were observed amounting to 0.1 and 0.2 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The establishment of a fertilised turf grass lawn increased soil N2O emissions 18-fold (1.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1), with highest emissions occurring in the first 2 months after establishment. Once established, the turf grass lawn presented relatively low N2O emissions for the rest of the year, even after fertilisation and rain events. Soil moisture was significantly higher, and mineralised N accumulated in the fallow plots, resulting in the highest N2O emissions (2.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1) and significant nitrate (NO3−) losses, with up to 63 kg N ha−1 lost from a single rain event due to reduced plant cover removal. The study concludes that urbanisation processes creating peri-urban ecosystems can greatly modify N cycling and increase the potential for losses in the form of N2O and NO3−.

Soil nitrogen cycling under contrasting management systems in Amazon Coffea canephora agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Elena Ibarra López ◽  
Eduardo F. Chávez Navarrete ◽  
Jimmy T. Pico Rosado ◽  
Cristian R. Subía García ◽  
Andrew J. Margenot
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Cycling

scholarly journals Soil Denitrifier Community Size Changes with Land Use Change to Perennial Bioenergy Cropping Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Thompson ◽  
Bill Deen ◽  
Kari E. Dunfield
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Nirs Gene

Abstract. Dedicated biomass crops are required for future bioenergy production. However, the effects of large-scale land use change (LUC) from traditional annual crops, such as corn-soybean rotations to the perennial grasses (PGs) switchgrass and miscanthus on soil microbial community functioning is largely unknown. Specifically, ecologically significant denitrifying communities, which regulate N2O production and consumption in soils, may respond differently to LUC due to differences in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs between crop types and management systems. Our objective was to quantify bacterial denitrifying gene abundances as influenced by corn-soybean crop production compared to PG biomass production. A field trial was established in 2008 at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada (n = 30), with miscanthus and switchgrass grown alongside corn-soybean rotations at different N rates (0 and 160 kg N ha-1) and biomass harvest dates within PG plots. Soil was collected on four dates from 2011–2012 and quantitative PCR was used to enumerate the total bacterial community (16S rRNA), and communities of bacterial denitrifiers by targeting nitrite reductase (nirS) and N2O reductase (nosZ) genes. Miscanthus produced significantly larger yields and supported larger nosZ denitrifying communities than corn-soybean rotations regardless of management, indicating large-scale LUC from corn-soybean to miscanthus may be suitable in variable Ontario conditions while potentially mitigating soil N2O emissions. Harvesting switchgrass in the spring decreased yields in N-fertilized plots, but did not affect gene abundances. Standing miscanthus overwinter resulted in higher 16S rRNA and nirS gene copies than in fall-harvested crops. However, the size of the total (16S rRA) and denitrifying communities changed differently over time and in response to LUC, indicating varying controls on these communities.

Flood pulses control soil nitrogen cycling in a dynamic river floodplain

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shrestha ◽  
P.A. Niklaus ◽  
N. Pasquale ◽  
B. Huber ◽  
R.L. Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Flood Pulses ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Cycling

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Soil N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 7299-7313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Lent ◽  
K. Hergoualc'h ◽  
L. V. Verchot
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Soil N ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract. Deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics may substantially alter soil N-oxide emissions. It is particularly relevant to accurately quantify those changes to properly account for them in a REDD+ climate change mitigation scheme that provides financial incentives to reduce the emissions. With this study we provide updated land use (LU)-based emission rates (104 studies, 392 N2O and 111 NO case studies), we determine the trend and magnitude of flux changes with land-use change (LUC) using a meta-analysis approach (44 studies, 135 N2O and 37 NO cases) and evaluate biophysical drivers of N2O and NO emissions and emission changes for the tropics. The average N2O and NO emissions in intact upland tropical forest amounted to 2.0 ± 0.2 (n = 90) and 1.7 ± 0.5 (n = 36) kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. In agricultural soils annual N2O emissions were exponentially related to N fertilization rates and average water-filled pore space (WFPS) whereas in non-agricultural sites a Gaussian response to WFPS fit better with the observed NO and N2O emissions. The sum of soil N2O and NO fluxes and the ratio of N2O to NO increased exponentially and significantly with increasing nitrogen availability (expressed as NO3− / [NO3−+NH4+]) and WFPS, respectively; following the conceptual Hole-In-the-Pipe model. Nitrous and nitric oxide fluxes did not increase significantly overall as a result of LUC (Hedges's d of 0.11 ± 0.11 and 0.16 ± 0.19, respectively), however individual LUC trajectories or practices did. Nitrous oxide fluxes increased significantly after intact upland forest conversion to croplands (Hedges's d = 0.78 ± 0.24) and NO increased significantly following the conversion of low forest cover (secondary forest younger than 30 years, woodlands, shrublands) (Hedges's d of 0.44 ± 0.13). Forest conversion to fertilized systems significantly and highly raised both N2O and NO emission rates (Hedges's d of 1.03 ± 0.23 and 0.52 ± 0.09, respectively). Changes in nitrogen availability and WFPS were the main factors explaining changes in N2O emissions following LUC, therefore it is important that experimental designs monitor their spatio-temporal variation. Gaps in the literature on N oxide fluxes included geographical gaps (Africa, Oceania) and LU gaps (degraded forest, wetland (notably peat) forest, oil palm plantation and soy cultivation).

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