scholarly journals The Hestia fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> emissions data product for the Los Angeles megacity (Hestia-LA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1309-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Gurney ◽  
Risa Patarasuk ◽  
Jianming Liang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Darragh O'Keeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Data Product ◽  
Human Scale

Abstract. High-resolution bottom-up estimation provides a detailed guide for city greenhouse gas mitigation options, offering details that can increase the economic efficiency of emissions reduction options and synergize with other urban policy priorities at the human scale. As a critical constraint to urban atmospheric CO2 inversion studies, bottom-up spatiotemporally explicit emissions data products are also necessary to construct comprehensive urban CO2 emission information systems useful for trend detection and emissions verification. The “Hestia Project” is an effort to provide bottom-up granular fossil fuel (FFCO2) emissions for the urban domain with building/street and hourly space–time resolution. Here, we report on the latest urban area for which a Hestia estimate has been completed – the Los Angeles megacity, encompassing five counties: Los Angeles County, Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County and Ventura County. We provide a complete description of the methods used to build the Hestia FFCO2 emissions data product for the years 2010–2015. We find that the LA Basin emits 48.06 (±5.3) MtC yr−1, dominated by the on-road sector. Because of the uneven spatial distribution of emissions, 10 % of the largest-emitting grid cells account for 93.6 %, 73.4 %, 66.2 %, and 45.3 % of the industrial, commercial, on-road, and residential sector emissions, respectively. Hestia FFCO2 emissions are 10.7 % larger than the inventory estimate generated by the local metropolitan planning agency, a difference that is driven by the industrial and electricity production sectors. The detail of the Hestia-LA FFCO2 emissions data product offers the potential for highly targeted, efficient urban greenhouse gas emissions mitigation policy. The Hestia-LA v2.5 emissions data product can be downloaded from the National Institute of Standards and Technology repository (https://doi.org/10.18434/T4/1502503, Gurney et al., 2019).

scholarly journals The Hestia Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Data Product for the Los Angeles Megacity (Hestia-LA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Gurney ◽  
Risa Patarasuk ◽  
Jianming Liang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Darragh O'Keeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
San Bernardino County ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Riverside County ◽  
Data Product ◽  
Policy Goals

Abstract. As a critical constraint to atmospheric CO2 inversion studies, bottom-up spatiotemporally-explicit emissions data products are necessary to construct comprehensive CO2 emission information systems useful for trend detection and emissions verification. High-resolution bottom-up estimation is also useful as a guide to mitigation options, offering details that can increase mitigation efficiency and synergize with other policy goals at the national to sub-urban spatial scale. The ‘Hestia Project’ is an effort to provide bottom-up fossil fuel (FFCO2) emissions at the urban scale with building/street and hourly space-time resolution. Here, we report on the latest urban area for which a Hestia estimate has been completed – the Los Angeles Megacity, encompassing five counties: Los Angeles County, Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County and Ventura County. We provide a complete description of the methods used to build the Hestia FFCO2 emissions data product which is presented on a 1 km x 1 km grid for the years 2010–2015. We find that the LA Basin emits 48.06 (± 5.3) MtC/yr, dominated by the onroad sector. Because of the uneven spatial distribution of emissions, 10 % of the largest emitting gridcells account for 93.6 %, 73.4 %, 66.2 %, and 45.3 % of the industrial, commercial, onroad, and residential sector emissions, respectively. Hestia FFCO2 emissions are 10.7 % larger than the inventory estimate generated by the local metropolitan planning agency, a difference that is driven by the industrial and electricity production sectors. The Hestia-LA v2.5 emissions data product can be downloaded from the data repository at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (https://doi.org/10.18434/T4/1502503).

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Scott Roest ◽  
Kevin R Gurney ◽  
Scot M Miller ◽  
Jianming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background: Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results: The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1,158.9 – 1,944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1,182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded.Conclusions: The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Scott Roest ◽  
Kevin R Gurney ◽  
Scot M Miller ◽  
Jianming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce GHG emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015.Results The emissions in the base year of 2011 totaled 1431.5 kt C, with the largest emissions coming from onroad (35.0% of total city emissions), commercial (18.3%), residential (16.7%), and industrial (12.6%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 emissions of 1,182.6 kt C were 22.8% lower than Hestia-Baltimore emission in 2014, largely due to the omission of petroleum consumption in buildings and several sectors that largely fall outside the city’s regulatory purview – industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft.Conclusions We emphasize the need for comprehensive, Scope 1-only emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards greenhouse gas mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring, but we also acknowledge that city planners may desire a greater mix of scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions with an emphasis on activities under local policy control.

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Scott Roest ◽  
Kevin R Gurney ◽  
Scot M Miller ◽  
Jianming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2 ) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1,158.9 – 1,944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1,182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded. Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Scott Roest ◽  
Kevin R Gurney ◽  
Scot M Miller ◽  
Jianming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1,158.9 – 1,944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1,182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded.Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S. Roest ◽  
K. R. Gurney ◽  
S. M. Miller ◽  
J. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland—a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1158.9–1944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded. Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

scholarly journals A global map of emission clumps for future monitoring of fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from space

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilong Wang ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Grégoire Broquet ◽  
François-Marie Bréon ◽  
Tomohiro Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Data Product

Abstract. A large fraction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions emanate from “hotspots”, such as cities (where direct CO2 emissions related to fossil fuel combustion in transport, residential, commercial sectors, etc., excluding emissions from electricity-producing power plants, occur), isolated power plants, and manufacturing facilities, which cover a small fraction of the land surface. The coverage of all high-emitting cities and point sources across the globe by bottom-up inventories is far from complete, and for most of those covered, the uncertainties in CO2 emission estimates in bottom-up inventories are too large to allow continuous and rigorous assessment of emission changes (Gurney et al., 2019). Space-borne imagery of atmospheric CO2 has the potential to provide independent estimates of CO2 emissions from hotspots. But first, what a hotspot is needs to be defined for the purpose of satellite observations. The proposed space-borne imagers with global coverage planned for the coming decade have a pixel size on the order of a few square kilometers and a XCO2 accuracy and precision of <1 ppm for individual measurements of vertically integrated columns of dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2). This resolution and precision is insufficient to provide a cartography of emissions for each individual pixel. Rather, the integrated emission of diffuse emitting areas and intense point sources is sought. In this study, we characterize area and point fossil fuel CO2 emitting sources which generate coherent XCO2 plumes that may be observed from space. We characterize these emitting sources around the globe and they are referred to as “emission clumps” hereafter. An algorithm is proposed to identify emission clumps worldwide, based on the ODIAC global high-resolution 1 km fossil fuel emission data product. The clump algorithm selects the major urban areas from a GIS (geographic information system) file and two emission thresholds. The selected urban areas and a high emission threshold are used to identify clump cores such as inner city areas or large power plants. A low threshold and a random walker (RW) scheme are then used to aggregate all grid cells contiguous to cores in order to define a single clump. With our definition of the thresholds, which are appropriate for a space imagery with 0.5 ppm precision for a single XCO2 measurement, a total of 11 314 individual clumps, with 5088 area clumps, and 6226 point-source clumps (power plants) are identified. These clumps contribute 72 % of the global fossil fuel CO2 emissions according to the ODIAC inventory. The emission clumps is a new tool for comparing fossil fuel CO2 emissions from different inventories and objectively identifying emitting areas that have a potential to be detected by future global satellite imagery of XCO2. The emission clump data product is distributed from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7217726.v1.

Quantifying US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions Using Precise Measurements of 14C in Atmospheric CO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lehman ◽  
Sourish Basu ◽  
John Miller ◽  
Arlyn Andrews ◽  
Colm Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

&lt;p&gt;We report the first national scale estimates of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in the US based directly on atmospheric observations, using a dual-tracer inverse modeling framework and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and &amp;#916;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;measurements obtained primarily from the North American portion of NOAA&amp;#8217;s Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The derived US national total for 2010 is 1653&amp;#177;60 TgC/yr, with an uncertainty (2&amp;#963;) that takes into account random errors associated with atmospheric transport, atmospheric measurements, and specified prior CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C fluxes. The atmosphere-derived estimate is significantly (&gt;3&amp;#963;) larger than US national emissions for 2010 from three global inventories widely-used for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; accounting, even after adjustments for emissions that might be sensed by the atmospheric network but which are not included in inventory totals. In contrast, the atmosphere-derived estimate is within 1&amp;#963; of a similarly adjusted 2010 annual total and 9 of 12 adjusted monthly totals aggregated from the latest release of the high-resolution, US-specific &amp;#8220;Vulcan&amp;#8221; emissions data product. Here we focus our presentation on determination and reduction of methodological uncertainties and future applications of the method for annual emissions detection and emissions trend detection at scales ranging from the US as a whole to contiguous groups of US states, such as those participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.&lt;/p&gt;

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