A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

Abstract. Surface transient storage (STS) and hyporheic transient storage (HTS) have functional significance in stream ecology and hydrology. Currently, tracer techniques couple STS and HTS effects on stream nutrient cycling; however, STS resides in localized areas of the surface stream and HTS resides in the hyporheic zone. These contrasting environments result in different storage and exchange mechanisms with the surface stream, which can yield contrasting results when comparing transient storage effects among morphologically diverse streams. We propose a fluid mechanics approach to quantitatively separate STS from HTS that involves classifying and studying different types of STS. As a starting point, a classification scheme is needed. This paper introduces a classification scheme that categorizes different STS in riverine systems based on their flow structure. Eight STS types are identified and some are subcategorized based on characteristic mean flow structure: (1) lateral cavities (emergent and submerged); (2) protruding in-channel flow obstructions (backward- and forward-facing step); (3) isolated in-channel flow obstructions (emergent and submerged); (4) cascades and riffles; (5) aquatic vegetation (emergent and submerged); (6) pools (vertically submerged cavity, closed cavity, and recirculating reservoir); (7) meander bends; and (8) confluence of streams. The long-term goal is to use the classification scheme presented to develop predictive mean residence times for different STS using field-measurable hydromorphic parameters and obtain an effective STS mean residence time. The effective STS mean residence time can then be deconvolved from the transient storage residence time distribution (measured from a tracer test) to obtain an estimate of HTS mean residence time.

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A fluid-mechanics-based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-10-4133-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 4133-4206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. R. Jackson ◽

R. Haggerty ◽

S. V. Apte

Keyword(s):

Fluid Mechanics ◽

Flow Structure ◽

Channel Flow ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Transient Storage ◽

Mean Flow ◽

Closed Cavity ◽

Tracer Techniques ◽

Starting Point ◽

Flow Obstructions

Abstract. Surface transient storage (STS) and hyporheic transient storage (HTS) have functional significance in stream ecology and hydrology. Currently, tracer techniques couple STS and HTS effects on stream nutrient cycling; however, STS resides in localized areas of the surface stream and HTS resides in the hyporheic zone. These contrasting environments result in different storage and exchange mechanisms with the surface stream, which can yield contrasting results when comparing transient storage effects among morphologically diverse streams. We propose a fluid mechanics approach to quantitatively separate STS from HTS that involves classifying and studying different types of STS. As a starting point, a classification scheme is needed. This paper introduces a classification scheme that categorizes different STS in riverine systems based on their flow structure. Eight distinct STS types are identified and some are subcategorized based on characteristic mean flow structure: (1) lateral cavities (emerged and submerged); (2) protruding in-channel flow obstructions (backward- and forward-facing step); (3) isolated in-channel flow obstructions (emerged and submerged); (4) cascades and riffles; (5) aquatic vegetation (emerged and submerged); (6) pools (vertically submerged cavity, closed cavity, and recirculating reservoir); (7) meander bends; and (8) confluence of streams. The long-term goal is to use the classification scheme presented to develop predictive mean residence times for different STS using field-measureable hydromorphic parameters and obtain a theoretical STS residence time distribution (RTD). The STS RTD can then be deconvolved from the transient storage RTD (measured from a tracer test) to obtain an estimate of HTS.

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Flow structure and mean residence time in floodplain river landscapes

River Flow 2020 ◽

10.1201/b22619-216 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1556-1561

Author(s):

T. Serra ◽

E. Font ◽

M. Soler ◽

J. Colomer

Keyword(s):

Flow Structure ◽

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Floodplain River

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Defining and measuring the mean residence time of lateral surface transient storage zones in small streams

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2012wr012096 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Tracie R. Jackson ◽

Roy Haggerty ◽

Sourabh V. Apte ◽

Anthony Coleman ◽

Kevin J. Drost

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Lateral Surface ◽

Transient Storage ◽

Small Streams ◽

The Mean ◽

Transient Storage Zones

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Precipitation and filtration of zinc, magnesium, copper and aluminium hydroxides

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19823362 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 3362-3370

Author(s):

Otakar Söhnel ◽

Eva Matějčková

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Filtration Resistance ◽

Filtration Pressure ◽

Bed Porosity ◽

The Mean ◽

Filtration Properties

Filtration properties of batchwise precipitated suspensions of Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 and continuously precipitated Al(OH)3 were studied. For batchwise precipitated suspensions was verified the theoretically predicted dependence of specific filtration resistance on initial supersaturation and for the continuously precipitated Al(OH)3 the relation between the specific filtration resistance and the mean residence time of suspension in the reactor. Dependences were also recorded between the bed porosity and concentration of precipitated solutions, specific filtration resistance and used filtration pressure and the effect of aging of the batchwise precipitated suspension of Mg(OH)2on its filtration properties. The used CST method for determination of filtration characteristics of Zn(OH)2 suspension was also studied.

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Nitrogen use efficiency: does a trade-off exist between the N productivity and the mean residence time within species?

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt07139 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 272 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zhi Y. Yuan ◽

Han Y. H. Chen ◽

Ling H. Li

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Controlled Experiments ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Trade Off ◽

N Supply ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be divided into two components, i.e. N productivity (A) and the mean residence time (MRT). Controlled experiments indicate that there is not a trade-off between A and MRT within species, but this theory has not been well tested in field conditions. Here, we studied the A, MRT and NUE of Stipa krylovii Roshev. in a grassland over 4 years of N fertilisation experimentation. The three parameters (A, MRT and NUE) were significantly related to soil N supply and there was a negative relationship between A and MRT within this species (r = –0.775, P < 0.05), i.e. plants with higher A had lower MRT. Our results showed a trade-off between A and MRT within this Stipa species and this observed trade-off was attributed to different responses of A and MRT to soil fertility.

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Roots are key to increasing the mean residence time of organic carbon entering temperate agricultural soils

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.15787 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Poeplau ◽

Axel Don ◽

Florian Schneider

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

The Mean

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Studies on solid mean residence time in a three-stage gas-solid fluidized bed with downcomer

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s11814-010-0455-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 969-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chitta Ranjan Mohanty ◽

Bhim Charan Meikap

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time

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Struvite recovery from solution containing phosphate(V) and sulphate(VI) ions

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2015-0120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nina Hutnik ◽

Anna Kozik ◽

Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽

Andrzej Matynia

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Residence Time ◽

Mean Residence Time ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

Magnesium Ions ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

Internal Circulation ◽

Mean Size ◽

Type Crystallizer

AbstractThe research results concerning the application of magnesium and ammonium ions for continuous removal of phosphate(V) ions from solution containing 1.0 or 0.20 mass% of PO43– and from 0.10 to 0.50 mass% of SO42– are presented. A continuous struvite MgNH4PO4 × 6H2O reaction crystallization process was carried out both under stoichiometric conditions and using 20% excess of magnesium ions. The research was conducted in a DT MSMPR type crystallizer with internal circulation of suspension driven by a propeller stirrer, in constant temperature 298 K. The pH varied from 9 to 11 and mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer τ varied from 900 to 3600 s. It was concluded, that sulphate(VI) ions influenced product quality disadvantageously. Depending on process parameter combinations struvite crystals of mean size from ca. 18 to ca. 44 μm and of moderate homogeneity: CV 7–95% were produced. Presence of sulphate(VI) ions favored crystallization of struvite as prismatic crystals, but tubular forms were also identified. The best shaped struvite crystals were produced at relatively low concentration of sulphate(VI) ions, pH 9 and for mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer elongated up to 3600 s.

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