filtration properties
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Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Syawaliah Muchtar ◽  
Yanna Syamsuddin ◽  
Cut Meurah Rosnelly ◽  
...  

Potential use of tannic acid (TA) as an additive for fabrication of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was investigated. The TA was introduced by blending into the dope solution with varying concentrations of 0, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%. The prepared membranes were characterized and evaluated for filtration of humic acid (HA) solution. The stability of the membrane under harsh treatment was also evaluated by one-week exposure to acid and alkaline conditions. The results show that TA loadings enhanced the resulting membrane properties. It increased the bulk porosity, water uptake, and hydrophilicity, which translated into improved clean water flux from 15.4 L/m2.h for the pristine PVDF membrane up to 3.3× for the TA-modified membranes with the 2 wt% TA loading. The flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the TA-modified membranes (FRRs = 78–83%) was higher than the pristine one (FRR = 58.54%), with suitable chemical stability too. The improved antifouling property for the TA-modified membranes was attributed to their enhanced hydrophilicity thanks to improved morphology and residual TA in the membrane matric.


2021 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. I. Kozirev ◽  
V. A. Beshentsev

The article discusses the methods used in the field experimental filtration work, which allow you to gain knowledge about the filtration properties and water abundance of rocks. The features of the experimental filtration work in the subsoil areas operated by single water intakes are shown. It is noted that these are small water bodies, both in terms of the number of water wells and the amount of actual water withdrawal. The article proposes to use short-term single pumpings as a field research method in the above-mentioned areas, according to the results of which it is possible to substantiate the amount of required water withdrawal and determine the calculated values of the water conductivity coefficient. As an example, the results of pumping are considered, obtained during the implementation of experimental filtration work at three single water intakes located within the Latitude Ob region. The results of the experimental filtration work served as the source material for calculating the reserves of fresh groundwater. Fresh groundwater reserves were calculated and approved for each site in the amount of 499 m3/day for category B.


2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110663
Author(s):  
Li Chang ◽  
Chuanfen Wu ◽  
Pengfei Lan ◽  
Bing Bai ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
...  

Fabrics produced by the melt-blown nonwoven process have the advantage over competing materials of possessing an ultrafine fibrous and porous structure. However, their brittleness and poor toughness restrict their wider application. There is increasing demand for nonwovens that have high stretchability and elasticity while maintaining a melt-blown structure. In this study, polypropylene (PP) and styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene copolymer (SEBS) were blended at different ratios and subsequently used in the melt-blowing process. The morphology of the blends displayed a co-continuous structure when the ratio of SEBS to PP in blends was similar. Furthermore, it was found that all the blends had good spinnability from the melt-blowing process during rheological and thermal properties tests. All the elastic melt-blown nonwovens fabricated in this research had elongations higher than 400% and elastic recoveries higher than 50%, which was indicative of good elasticity. Meanwhile, the nonwovens maintained fine fiber diameters and good filtration properties, in keeping with traditional melt-blown nonwovens.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8254
Author(s):  
Dmitry Mardashov ◽  
Victor Duryagin ◽  
Shamil Islamov

Increasing the field development efficiency of fractured reservoirs is a contemporary issue. This paper presents fundamental and exploratory research results in this field using modern high-tech experimental equipment from the “Arctic” Scientific Centre at the Saint Petersburg Mining University. Oil reserves in fractured reservoirs are enormous; however, they are classified as hard-to-recover. The before-mentioned reservoirs require a specific approach when selecting technologies to improve the efficiency of their development. In this paper, as a solution to the problem under discussion, we propose the use of a physicochemical method of developing fractured reservoirs based on the injection of a water shut-off agent to exclude highly permeable water-conducting fractures from the drainage process. This technology makes it possible to effectively include and develop previously undrained reservoir areas by directly controlling their filtration properties with the use of new highly efficient and ecologically safe chemical reagents and process fluids.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad Rasool ◽  
Asif Zamir ◽  
Khaled A. Elraies ◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
...  

AbstractDifferent additives are added in the drilling mud to increase its efficiency in terms of its rheology and filtration properties. Recently, the application of ionic liquids (ILs) has been exploited by various investigators as a drilling additive for improving the mud rheology. The more recent studies have shown that imidazolium-based ionic liquids (the most used class of ionic liquids in drilling fluids) are toxic. Moreover, the advancement in green chemistry has put a big question mark on the greener nature of ionic liquids because they are non-biodegradable and generally very expensive. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are the non-toxic and cheaper alternative of ionic liquids possessing the same qualities as of ILs. In our previous work, we used potassium carbonate and glycerol-based DES as a drilling fluid additive. We found that DES has successfully improved the mud rheology and filtration properties of the mud. In this current study, various characterizations have been conducted to understand the underlying mechanism behind DES as a rheology modifier. The characterization shows the improvement in rheology is due to the intercalation of DES between alumino-silicate layers and interaction of DES with clay which alters edge to face orientation of sodium bentonite and ultimately its dispersion behaviour. The addition of DES decreases average grain size and disperses the clay particles in mud slurry which reduce the overall permeability and porosity of the filter cake thus improving the filtration behaviour of the mud. Moreover, the behaviour of DES based mud is modelled at 25 °C and 100 °C which shows DES-based mud follows Herschel–Buckley model and exhibits shear thinning behaviour even at elevated temperature.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Bryndina ◽  
Ol'ga Baklanova

The intensive development of agriculture in the Voronezh Region has led to serious negative changes in the soil condition. There was a decrease in the content of humus and mineral substances. More than 350 thousand hectares of the region’s soils have a low content of humus and, as a result, organic matter (s) available for decomposition. Among the methods of soil restoration, soil improvers are gaining popularity. These are, as a rule, compost, various organic fillers, bio-coal. The latter are considered promising meliorants of natural origin. The processing of waste from the timber industry and sewage sludge into bio-coal is proposed. Its influence on the water permeability of leached chernozem is studied. The positive effect of biochar on the filtration properties of the soil has been established. The filtration rate after applying the biochar increased by 2.5-4 times compared to the control. The maximum water permeability was observed at a biochar concentration of 20 -30% to the soil mass. It is established that the amount of moisture that has passed through the soil depends on the dose of the introduced biochar. The addition of biochar in the amount of 5, 10, 20 and 30% led to a significant increase in the filtration qualities of the soil, compared with the control. The tendency of the ability of biochar to improve the water-physical properties of the soil is revealed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Zhong ◽  
Ying Guan ◽  
Zhengsong Qiu ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Wenlei Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract With the depletion of the conventional shallow oil/gas reservoirs and the increasing demand for oil and gas, deep drilling become more and more essential to extract the oil/gas from deep formations. However, deep drilling faces many complex challenges. One of the complexities is the degradation of polymers and flocculation of bentonite particles, leading to hardly control the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids, especially under ultra-high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) conditions. Therefore, an experimental investigation is performed to study how bentonite-hydrothermal carbon nanocomposites will influence the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids under ultra-HTHP conditions. Bentonite-hydrothermal carbon nanocomposites are proposed as non-polymer additives to solve the ultra-HTHP challenge in water-based drilling fluid. The nanocomposites are synthesized by facile hydrothermal reaction, in which biomass starch and sodium bentonite are used as the precursor and template, respectively. In this study, the effect of the nanocomposites on the rheology and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid are investigated before and after hot rolling at 220 °C and 240 °C. The structure characterization indicates that carbon nanospheres can successfully deposit on the bentonite surface after hydrothermal reaction and finally form as nanocomposites. The elemental carbon content, zeta potential and particle size distribution of the nanocomposites could be adjusted according to the reaction conditions. After thermal aging at 220 °C and 240 °C, addition of nanocomposites can improve the rheological properties significantly where a stable and minor change of rheological properties is observed, which is desirable for ultra-HTHP drilling. Regarding filtration control, after adding 1.0 wt% nanocomposite materials, the filtration loss is reduced by 41% and 44% respectively after aging at 220 °C and 240 °C, which is better than the conventional natural materials that lose their function in this case. The identification of microstructure shows that the hydrothermal reaction endows nanocomposites with a unique surface morphology and an improved surface charge density. The interaction between nanocomposites and bentonite particles forms a rigid connection network, which is the main mechanism to facilitate effective rheology and filtration control under ultra-HTHP conditions. The green and facile synthetic routes and environmentally friendly features of the nanocomposites, coupled with the excellent performance in ultra-HTHP rheology and filtration control, indicate that the nanocomposites have a high promise for water-based drilling fluid in ultra-HTHP drilling. Moreover, it provides a new way to design high performance additives with high temperature stability.


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