The Cathedral and the Bazaar (originally published in Volume 3, Number 3, March 1998)

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
Software Debugging ◽  
Commercial World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selfish Agents

I anatomize a successful open-source project, fetchmail, that was run as a deliberate test of some surprising theories about software engineering suggested by the history of Linux. I discuss these theories in terms of two fundamentally different development styles, the "cathedral" model of most of the commercial world versus the "bazaar" model of the Linux world. I show that these models derive from opposing assumptions about the nature of the software-debugging task. I then make a sustained argument from the Linux experience for the proposition that "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow", suggest productive analogies with other self-correcting systems of selfish agents, and conclude with some exploration of the implications of this insight for the future of software.

scholarly journals Do Open Source Developers Respond to Competition? The LATEX Case Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Gaudeul
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
History Of

This paper traces the history of TEX, the open source typesetting program. TEX was an early and very successful open source project that imposed its standards in a particularly competitive environment and inspired many advances in the typesetting industry. Developed over three decades, TEX came into competition with a variety of open source and proprietary alternatives. I argue from this case study that open source developers derive direct and indirect network externalities from the use of their software by others and must therefore consider non-developers' needs to make their software more attractive to a broader audience and more competitive with proprietary alternatives.

Greasemonkey and a Challenge to Notions of Authorship

2011 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Brian D. Ballentine
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
The Future ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Original Question

This chapter introduces Greasemonkey, a new extension for the Firefox browser, which enables users to alter the behavior and appearance of Web pages as the pages load. The chapter claims that Greasemonkey is forcing a reevaluation of what it means to be an author in digital environments. Using Michel Foucault’s (1979) original question, “What is an author?” the chapter argues that creators of Greasemonkey scripts take on the additional roles of designer and programmer. Also, the chapter cautions that since Greasemonkey scripts have the ability to alter the layout, navigation, and advertising on a Web page, there may be legal ramifi cations in the future for this open source project.

FLOSS Legal and Engineering Terms and a License Taxonomy

2011 ◽  
pp. 394-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Open Source ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces the reader to terms relevant to understanding free/libre and open source licenses, some of the relevant legal, and relevant software engineering terms that are useful in understanding the issues in FLOSS. Then a brief history of FLOSS licenses is given before introducing a taxonomy to help understand the types of licenses which are available in the FLOSS domain. A brief description to think about differing views of the usage and users of FLOSS is given in conclusion.

Software Engineering Accreditation in the United States

2009 ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonald ◽  
Mark J. Sebern ◽  
James R. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accreditation Process ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View

This chapter provides a brief history of the accreditation of software engineering programs in the United States and describes some of the experiences encountered by programs in achieving their accreditation and by program evaluators in reviewing those programs. It also describes how the accredited programs have addressed the most difficult issues that they have faced during the accreditation process. The authors have served as leaders of the accreditation efforts at their own institutions and as ABET program evaluators at several other academic institutions that have achieved accreditation. The objective of this chapter is to provide those software engineering programs that will be seeking accreditation in the future with some of the experiences of those who are familiar with the process from both the programs’ and the evaluators’ points of view. Leaders of programs that are planning to request an accreditation review will be well prepared for that review if they combine the information contained in this chapter with the recommendations contained in Chapter XIX of this text.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

A Reflection on Crucial Periods in 50 Years of Social Psychology (in Germany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katja Corcoran ◽  
Michael Häfner ◽  
Mathias Kauff ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Early Development ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West

Abstract. In this article, we reflect on 50 years of the journal Social Psychology. We interviewed colleagues who have witnessed the history of the journal. Based on these interviews, we identified three crucial periods in Social Psychology’s history, that are (a) the early development and further professionalization of the journal, (b) the reunification of East and West Germany, and (c) the internationalization of the journal and its transformation from the Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie to Social Psychology. We end our reflection with a discussion of changes that occurred during these periods and their implication for the future of our field.

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