The role of beta-agonist therapy for chronic obstructive airway disease in patients with coexistent atrial fibrillation: Literature review

Background: New advances have been made in medicine, but the incidence and prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are evident, and it is established as the fourth cause of death in the United States representing a high cost for the healthcare system. This condition has been related to atrial fibrillation due to the changes in the lungs and vasculature. Based on this history, we seek to evaluate the outcome of AF in the patients with COPD and its relationship with medical therapy utilized to treat this pulmonary condition with the objective of establishing the relationship between the use of beta-agonist therapy for obstructive airway disease in patients with AF. Discussion: Cell receptors participate in multiple reactions and the sympathetic response is received via the alpha- and beta-receptors are related to the hemodynamic of the vasculature of the lungs and cardiovascular system. The beta-blockade agents are one of the most common medication classes used for rate control in cardiac arrhythmias, but the side effect could be COPD exacerbation; on the other hand, beta-adrenergic or beta-agonist as a therapy for this pulmonary condition could increase the heart rate leading to AF decompensation. There is a clear dilemma in our patients who have airway disease and AF since the treatment for one might worsen the other. The clear benefit in morbidity and mortality of beta-blocker therapy, especially beta1-selective, outweighs the potential for any pulmonary side-effects related to ex-acerbation of COPD or airway disease. Conclusion: There is clear data showing the evidence of the potential paradoxical side-effect between COPD and AF therapies, given the exacerbation of one due to treatment of the other, benefits versus risks should be discussed and the medical decision should be made based on them. The deteriorated cardiac condition can rapidly predispose to critical complications leading to death, which is why the use of beta-blockade agents will be chosen over possible complications with pulmonary disease. In other words, the benefit should outweigh the risk based on the best outcome for the patient. Keywords: atrial fibrillation; pulmonary disease; obstructive pulmonary disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); B-Agonist; B-Block (selective; non-selective); digitalis; other antiarrhythmic.