scholarly journals Sagebrush Response to Conifer Cover

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Karen A. Kitchen ◽  
Brittany Goldsmith ◽  
Jim Robison-Cox ◽  
Michael Frisina ◽  
Bok Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="emsd">Sagebrush habitat is declining throughout the United States. This can have negative impacts for big game as well as other wildlife species. The purpose of our research was to analyze the relationship between several abiotic factors and the cover of two conifer species, Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) and Rocky Mountain juniper (<em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>), on the cover of Wyoming (<em>Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis</em>) and mountain (<em>Artemisia tridentata spp. Vaseyana</em>) big sagebrush. Abiotic factors, percent cover of sagebrush and conifers, and individual conifer age and canopy area were recorded at 40 Wyoming and 40 mountain big sagebrush plots at each of three study sites in southwest Montana (n = 240). No correlation was found between any abiotic factor and live sagebrush cover over all sites (p&gt;0.05). A model of the relationship between the combined cover of the two conifer species and the two subspecies of big sagebrush was developed. The best-fit model included the terms: study site, sagebrush subspecies,  and the interaction, study site by sagebrush subspecies as the independent variables, with as the dependent variable (  = Intercept<sub>i</sub>– 0.401 ; R<sup>2</sup> = 0.61). There was a negative relationship between conifer cover and sagebrush cover and no difference in the effects of conifer cover on the two sagebrush subspecies. Validation trials were successful at one of three locations outside the study area and suggested that the model is better suited to lower elevation, less productive sites. Individual Douglas-fir have a 3 fold larger canopy area than Rocky Mountain juniper at comparable ages (p&lt;0.001). Controlling conifers to increase Wyoming big sagebrush does not appear to be effective due to the low level of sagebrush cover. If conifer control is desired, Douglas-fir should be targeted over Rocky Mountain juniper on mountain big sagebrush sites, but not on Wyoming big sagebrush sites.</p>

Mowing Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) Cover Effects Across Northern and Central Nevada

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman R. Swanson ◽  
John C. Swanson ◽  
Peter J. Murphy ◽  
J. Kent McAdoo ◽  
Brad Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush

The Relationship Between Leaf Area and Leaf Dry Weight of Three Conifer Species Grown on Three Sources of Nitrogen

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Mellor ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Western hemlock, Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine were grown on three different sources of nitrogen. At 18 weeks the relationship between leaf area and leaf dry weight was determined for each species. A linear relationship was found between leaf area and leaf dry weight for all three species. Different nitrogen treatments had no effect on this relationship.

Identifying key climate and environmental factors affecting rates of post-fire big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) recovery in the northern Columbia Basin, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Shinneman ◽  
Susan K. McIlroy
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush

Sagebrush steppe of North America is considered highly imperilled, in part owing to increased fire frequency. Sagebrush ecosystems support numerous species, and it is important to understand those factors that affect rates of post-fire sagebrush recovery. We explored recovery of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and basin big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. tridentata) communities following fire in the northern Columbia Basin (Washington, USA). We sampled plots across 16 fires that burned in big sagebrush communities from 5 to 28 years ago, and also sampled nearby unburned locations. Mixed-effects models demonstrated that density of large–mature big sagebrush plants and percentage cover of big sagebrush were higher with time since fire and in plots with more precipitation during the winter immediately following fire, but were lower when precipitation the next winter was higher than average, especially on soils with higher available water supply, and with greater post-fire mortality of mature big sagebrush plants. Bunchgrass cover 5 to 28 years after fire was predicted to be lower with higher cover of both shrubs and non-native herbaceous species, and only slightly higher with time. Post-fire recovery of big sagebrush in the northern Columbia Basin is a slow process that may require several decades on average, but faster recovery rates may occur under specific site and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Foliar Sulfate-Sulfur as a Nutrient Diagnostic Tool for Interior Douglas-Fir

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Schmalz ◽  
Mark D. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Foliar diagnostic tools have been used with varying success to identify limiting nutrients in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirab.] Franco var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco). The mechanisms of sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in plants enable the measurement of nutrient fractions that may yield more informative results. Measurements of sulfate-sulfur in conifer foliage have shown potential as a diagnostic tool for predicting tree response to nitrogen fertilization. Using archived samples and data from previously established fertilizer trials in northern Idaho, we tested the relationship between foliar sulfate-sulfur concentrations in unfertilized trees and 2-year growth response to nitrogen fertilization in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii [Mirab.] Franco var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco). Sulfate-sulfur concentrations explained 42% of the variability in growth response, compared with 17% for the total nitrogen to sulfur ratio. Sulfate-sulfur concentrations were variable within sites, presenting a challenge to the feasibility of sampling. Our results suggest that further controlled research would aid in development of sulfate-sulfur as a foliar diagnostic tool.

RELATIVE PREFERENCE BY MULE DEER FOR SIX SHRUBS FROM RANGE NEAR KAMLOOPS, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. TUCKER ◽  
A. McLEAN ◽  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Relative Preference

Adult does preferred snowbrush, Douglas fir and Rocky mountain maple and avoided Saskatoon serviceberry, big sagebrush and gray rabbitbrush. Juvenile deer preferred Douglas fir, accepted snowbrush and Rocky mountain maple and avoided Saskatoon serviceberry, big sagebrush and gray rabbitbrush. Adults differed from juveniles in the preference for snowbrush and Douglas fir.

Economic Evaluation of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) Control Methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles J. Watts ◽  
Carl L. Wambolt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush

The economic feasibility of four Wyoming big sagebrush control methods: burning, spraying with 2,4-D, plowing and seeding, and rotocutting was analyzed. Perennial grass response to big sagebrush treatment was measured to estimate a treatment response function for each control method which provided the biological informational base to develop cost and benefits. Annualized present values of net additional returns for single 2,4-D and burning treatments were $1.10/ha and $1.16/ha, respectively. When big sagebrush was retreated at optimal intervals, 2,4-D and burning generated annualized net additional returns of $2.88/ha and $2.57/ha, respectively. Rotocutting was marginally feasible, and plowing was not feasible.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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