Gene therapy was first established in 1972, and since then, it has made great progress in terms of adoption. The efficiency of the gene transfer carrier is critical to the success of gene therapy. As a result, researchers are always looking for a secure, specialized, and efficient mode of transportation. In recent years, the newly discovered exosomal transport mechanism has made significant progress. Viruses, bacteria, phages, and synthetic lipids-based delivery methods are less stable, biocompatible, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. The majority of the research has focused on creating exosomes that transport therapeutic miRNA to specific target cells. Despite the excellent results, there are still some concerns about employing exosomes as a gene therapy carrier. The miRNA mechanism is becoming increasingly apparent for a specific condition, yet one miRNA can influence several genes. Furthermore, nothing is known about numerous non-disease related gene interactions. Although high levels of certain exocrine miRNA may aid in the treatment of some disorders, nothing is known about potential side effects. Exosomes still need to be researched and manufactured more efficiently. While exosomes have significant promise for gene therapy, using exocrine miRNAs to treat disorders is difficult and requires further research and development by academics and clinicians.
β-catenin siRNA regulation of apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: potential uses for gene therapy