Impact of satellite linked radio transmitting (SLRT) tags on the dorsal fin of subadult and adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Nicole Nasby-Lucas ◽  
Michael L Domeier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Guadalupe Island ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Satellite linked radio transmitting (SLRT) tags provide long-term, high accuracy, near real-time tracking data for marine wildlife. Adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus, 1758) in the northeastern Pacific at both Guadalupe Island, Mexico and Southeast Farallon Island, USA were tagged with SLRT oval and inline finmout tags. These tags provided up to 7.4 yrs of tracking data. A previous study showed structural dorsal fin damage for SLRT tagged juvenile and subadult white sharks off South Africa. Sharks tagged in the northeastern Pacific were resighted between 1 and 11 yrs post tagging and included 10 adults and 2 subadults. Sharks that were resighted did not exhibit significant fin deformation, although in one case the oval finmount tag did cause bending of the dorsal fin due to tag shape, weight, and placement of the tag on the dorsal fin. Four inline tags came off after deployments of at least 2.2 to 3.7 yrs (based on date of last message received), and two of these caused a tear to the trailing edge of the dorsal fin upon release. Overall, SLRT tags provided long-term tracking data and there was no apparent impact on the behavior or migration cycles of the sharks. Serious dorsal fin deformation seems to occur in the case of juvenile and subadult white sharks where the fin is rapidly growing and thus for tracking juvenile white sharks, alternate methods should be considered.

scholarly journals A first estimate of white shark, Carcharodon carcharias , abundance off Central California

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor K. Chapple ◽  
Salvador J. Jorgensen ◽  
Scot D. Anderson ◽  
Paul E. Kanive ◽  
A. Peter Klimley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
White Shark ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Central California ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Guadalupe Island

The decline of sharks in the global oceans underscores the need for careful assessment and monitoring of remaining populations. The northeastern Pacific is the home range for a genetically distinct clade of white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias ). Little is known about the conservation status of this demographically isolated population, concentrated seasonally at two discrete aggregation sites: Central California (CCA) and Guadalupe Island, Mexico. We used photo-identification of dorsal fins in a sequential Bayesian mark–recapture algorithm to estimate white shark abundance off CCA. We collected 321 photographs identifying 130 unique individuals, and estimated the abundance off CCA to be 219 mature and sub-adult individuals ((130, 275) 95% credible intervals), substantially smaller than populations of other large marine predators. Our methods can be readily expanded to estimate shark population abundance at other locations, and over time, to monitor the status, population trends and protection needs of these globally distributed predators.

First observations of young of the year and juvenile great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) scavenging from a whale carcass

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Dicken
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Great White Shark ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Insight Into

Observations of great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) scavenging from cetacean carcasses are rare and have only been reported in the scientific literature for large (>3.5 m total length (TL)) individuals. Between 13 October and 25 November 2006, young of the year and juvenile great white sharks were observed scavenging from the carcass of a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Although more than one shark scavenged from the carcass, simultaneous feeding was not observed. The sharks showed a clear preference for soft tissue at sites along the mouth of the carcass. Protective ocular rotation was rarely observed and none of the sharks exhibited palatoquadrate protrusion while feeding. These observations provide a new insight into the foraging behaviour of young of the year and juvenile great white sharks. The prevalence of small great white sharks (1.5 m TL) and the absence of any individuals greater than 3.65 m TL suggest that Algoa Bay may function as a nursery area for great white sharks in South Africa. This information is crucial not only to improve our understanding of great white shark biology, but also for their long-term management and conservation in South Africa.

Reconciliation as Interdependence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanie du Toit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Just Society

This chapter endeavors to develop a coherent framework for political transition—as reconciliation. I argue that reconciliation explains how relationships emerge in unfavorable conditions; how once a modest beginning is achieved, cooperation can grow, trust strengthened, and understanding deepened through appropriate processes and institutional arrangements; and how eventually a fundamentally more just society is built—all as part of a comprehensive transitional agenda. In South Africa, reconciliation politics propagated the idea, diametrically opposed to apartheid, that racial groups were fundamentally and comprehensively interdependent. This provided a compelling rationale for taking reconciliation seriously—and twenty-four years on, it still does. Reconciliation embraces a shared future on the basis that this is not only desirable but unavoidable, and turns to deal with a troubled past because it obstructs this future. More broadly, therefore, reconciliation can be described as “working toward fairness and inclusivity, reconciliation entails the mutual acknowledgment, the progressive institutionalization, and the long-term socialization of a comprehensive and fundamental interdependence.”

The Imperial Army Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
High Point ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

How did British authorities manage to secure the commitment of large dominion and Indian armies that could plan, fight, shoot, communicate, and sustain themselves, in concert with the British Army and with each other, during the era of the two world wars? This is the primary line of inquiry for this study, which begs a couple of supporting questions. What did the British want from the dominion and Indian armies and how did they go about trying to get it? How successful were they in the end? Answering these questions requires a long-term perspective—one that begins with efforts to fix the armies of the British Empire in the aftermath of their desultory performance in South Africa (1899–1903) and follows through to the high point of imperial military cooperation during the Second World War. Based on multi-archival research conducted in six different countries on four continents, Douglas E. Delaney argues that the military compatibility of the British Empire armies was the product of a deliberate and enduring imperial army project, one that aimed at ‘Lego-piecing’ the armies of the empire, while, at the same time, accommodating the burgeoning autonomy of the dominions and even India. At its core, this book is really about how a military coalition worked.

scholarly journals Private retirement resorts in South Africa: Guidelines for wellness and sustainability in the long term.

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries C. Hauptfleisch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Optimal Profile

Unsubsidised private retirement resorts in South Africa developed during the last three decades present residents with many challenges. There is no existing generally accepted knowledge base or guidelines to serve this sensitive market. The research objective was to establish which elements are experienced by residents of retirement resorts as satisfactory and which as problematic. A literature study was also undertaken. Quantitative as well as qualitative data were obtained by means of structured questionnaires, interviews and a seminar. The results reported pertain to eight resorts in the east of Pretoria, four in Bloemfontein and two in Knysna. The study is currently being extended to other centres. The quantitative data is arranged in order of the priorities set by the biggest group (Pretoria), with the other groups in comparison. So the research was based on the sourcing of quantitative and qualitative data, as well as on descriptive evaluations. The results offer insightful knowledge and guidelines towards establishing an optimal profile for the development of long-term sustainable private retirement resorts. The implications and value of this study are that both developers of retirement resorts and prospective residents are provided with guidelines to better equip them to evaluate a specific retirement resort with regard to the sustainable well- being of residents long-term.

Is the water permit system a panacea or a bed of inefficiency? The case of South Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Datt Tewari ◽  
Saidou Baba Oumar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
License System ◽  
Institutional Efficiency

Although South Africa has adopted a very modern permit/license system to control access to water as a resource, the attainment of the lofty objectives (efficiency, equity and sustainability) of the National Water Act of 1998 depends on two critical factors: (1) the institutional efficiency of the water management system; and (2) the development of water markets and their efficient functioning. This study lists a number of concerns that the Act is not geared to resolve efficiently or in a timely manner. These concerns include the high administrative costs of implementation, poor incentives for long-term investments, bureaucratic inefficiency, practical problems in water pricing and adaptability to climate change threat. There is a need to re-think the ways and means with which to make water distribution more efficient in the country. One possible solution would be to develop water markets in the country.

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