The patent-license system of Ukraine in the second half of the XX century

The formation of the patent-licensing system of Ukraine during the second half of the XX century is investigated. It is established that the first funds of technical literature, which was necessary for patent work, were created in the departments of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the first postwar years. For example, the fund of scientific and technical literature, documentation, patents and inventions began to form in the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the USSR. It was established in 1944. But various special centers for providing information support for the development of the patent and license business were organized a somewhat later. In particular, at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR only 20 years later in 1964. Employees were making a preliminary examination of applications for inventions and expanding the funds of scientific and technical documentation, were completing foreign patent documentation from foreign countries. A network of special Patent Departments was created on the basis of the higher technical institutions. A small group for the systematization of patent information was created at the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute in 1967. In 1971, the patent office was also established at the Odessa Polytechnic Institute. In 1974, at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute an organizational and analytical department was created, it contributed to the development of inventive activities of the Institute. The intensification of inventive search occurred in the 1980s and was aimed at improving quality, which contributed to the creation of prospective, competitive world-class developments and their introduction into industry. During this period, the vast majority of scientists took part in patent and licensing activities, a large number of patents were obtained and scientific and technical cooperation was started on a commercial basis with the conclusion of licensing agreements. A number of devices were patented in the following countries: Spain, Italy, England, Switzerland, Japan, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria and others. In the early 1990s, the situation with inventive and patent licensing activities changed. A significant reduction in the number of inventions demonstrated the general state of scientific research in the country.

Driving Performance Evaluation Correlated to Age and Visual Acuities Based on VR Technologies

There is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the driver license system in South Korea, due to the numerous traffic crashes caused by drivers who are suspected of having insufficient physical and mental abilities. Through the present system, it is quite difficult to identify such drivers indirectly through physical tests, such as visual acuity tests, since the correlation of such results with driving performance remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between driving performance and visual acuities for improving the South Korean driver license system. In this study, two investigations were conducted: static and dynamic visual acuity examinations and driving performance tests based on a virtual reality (VR) system. The driving performance was evaluated with a driving simulator, based on driving behaviors in different experimental scenarios, including daytime and nighttime driving on a rural highway, and unexpected incident situations. Here, we produce statistically significant evidence that reduced visual acuity impairs driving performance, and driving behaviors differ significantly among groups with different vision capabilities, especially dynamic vision. Visual acuities, typically dynamic visual acuity, greatly influenced driving behavior, as measured by the standard deviation of speeds and vehicle LPs, and this was especially notable in curved road segments in daytime experiment. These experimental results revealed that the driving performance of participants with impaired dynamic visual acuity was deficient and unsafe. This confirmed that dynamic visual acuity levels are significant determinants of driving behavior, and they well explain driver performance levels. These findings suggest that the South Korean driver license system should include a test of dynamic visual acuity to create better and safer driving.

Smart Driving License Verification System

The driving license system is very difficult to monitor via old conventional methods. The conventional verification system involves wastage of time and a chance to lead corruption. This project represents a biometricbased System for driving licensing verification. Biometrics is one of the most critical emerging technologies of the 21st century. From the various biometric features, Finger Print is one of the best. To keep the record of attendance report of students has become a very difficult work because sometimes their attendance may be recorded or missed. To deal with this problem i.e. to get the attendances recorded correctly we are using two different technologies viz. embedded system and biometrics. It is a very useful biometric-based driving license monitoring system that is easy and more suitable to monitor. Fingerprint verification is an important biometric technique for human identification. In this project, we represent a prototype automatic license authentication system. It uses fingerprints to verify the identity of an individual. In this project, we use the Fingerprint authentication scheme which is a non-imitable biometric authentication scheme. Using biometric authentication, we can try to avoid the non-licensed person from driving. While issuing the license, the specific person’s fingerprint is to be stored on the webserver along with its details. So at anywhere, the person should place on his finger on the fingerprint reader