THE PROBLEM OF SYNTHETIC DRUG DEPENDENCE AND CURRENT APPROACHES TO PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
А.Ю. ТОЛСТИКОВА ◽  
С.З. ЕШИМБЕТОВА
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptics ◽  
Synthetic Drug

В работе представлен анализ современных литературных данных и данных клинической практики по применению атипичных нейролептиков в терапии психических и поведенческих расстройств. Показана эффективность применения нейролептика Оланзапин (Ферзапин) в лечении психических и поведенческих расстройств. The paper presents an analysis of contemporary literature and clinical practice data on the use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders. The effectiveness of using the neuroleptic Olanzapine (Ferzapine) in the treatment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders is shown

scholarly journals Restricting conversations about voluntary assisted dying: implications for clinical practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy Willmott ◽  
Ben White ◽  
Danielle Ko ◽  
James Downar ◽  
Luc Deliens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Desire To Die ◽  
Eol Care

ObjectivesOn 19 June 2019, assisted dying became lawful in Victoria, the second most populous state in Australia. Section 8 of the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act is a legislative safeguard that is designed to ensure a patient’s request for assistance to die is voluntary. This section prohibits health practitioners from initiating a conversation about assisted dying with the patient. This article explores the potential implications of this prohibition for effective communication between doctors and their patients, and the ability of doctors to provide high quality end-of-life (EOL) care in some cases.MethodThe authors reviewed and analysed literature on the importance of communication at the EOL including the need to understand and appropriately respond to Desire to Die or Desire to Hasten Death statements. A legal critique of section 8 of the Victorian Voluntary Assisted Dying Act was also undertaken to determine the scope of this new duty and how it aligns with existing legal obligations that would otherwise require doctors to provide information about EOL options requested by a patient.ResultsContemporary literature suggests that open and honest communication between doctor and patient including the provision of information about all EOL options when sought by the patient represents good clinical practice and will lead to optimal EOL care. The provision of such information also reflects professional, ethical and legal norms.ConclusionDespite (arguably) promoting an appropriate policy objective, the legislative prohibition on health professionals initiating conversations about voluntary assisted dying may, in cases where patients seek information about all EOL options, lead to less optimal patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Properties of the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale in a Chinese Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ting Li ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Dong-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Qing-Qing Che ◽  
Ze-Lan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Synthetic Drug

Objective: In contrast to the drug situation in the rest of the world, synthetic drugs, rather than traditional drugs, have been the dominant abused drugs in China since 2019. However, the public misconception that synthetic drugs are not as addictive as traditional drugs, such as opioids and the scarcity of specific measurement instruments, have hindered the clinical diagnosis and treatment of synthetic drug abusers, thus the development of a localized instrument to evaluate dependence on synthetic drugs is in urgently needed.Method: Using a sample of 618 Chinese synthetic drug abusers (Mean age = 34.69 years; 44.17% female), the present study developed and examined the psychometric properties of a self-reporting instrument, the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale (SDDS), which consists of four subscales: physical dependence, psychological dependence, health injury, and social function injury.Results: The SDDS revealed a three-factor model structure (weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 0.876, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.965, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.953, and Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070), with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.912, alfa = 0.801) and convergent validity. Elevated scores on the SDDS were associated with a higher level of reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, and stronger impulsivity. Interestingly, psychological dependence was the only significant predictor (p < 0.05) of criterion variables compared with the other three subscales, implying the important role of psychological factors in synthetic drugs dependence. Adequate measurement equivalence across sex, age (18–30 and 31–57 years old), and employment group (employed and unemployed) was also established.Conclusion: The SDDS appears to be an effective and reliable instrument that could be used to further investigate the characteristics of synthetic and traditional drug dependence, promoting a deeper understanding of the physical and psychological roles in drug dependence.

Assessing the European impact of alcohol misuse and illicit drug dependence research: clinical practice guidelines and evidence-base policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Tayana Soukup ◽  
Andri Kyriacou ◽  
Grant Lewison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
European Countries

BackgroundDespite alcohol and illicit drug dependence being one of the most common diagnoses in Europe, there is heterogeneity of research evidence used in policy and practice.ObjectiveWe sought to (1) evaluate European research outputs on alcohol misuse and drug addiction in 2002–2018 in the Web of Science, (2) compare these with their burden of disease and (3) determine their impact in several ways.MethodsA bibliometric research was undertaken including an assessment of the citation counts, the influence of research on members of national health advisory committees, and their contribution to the evidence base of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).FindingsThere were 3201 analysed references cited in 28 CPGs across 11 European Countries on alcohol misuse and illicit drug abuse. Research conducted in the USA dominated both sets of CPGs, while many European countries were overcited relative to their research presence. The illicit drug research appeared to be adequate relative to the evidence of harm in Europe. However, alcohol misuse research appeared grossly inadequate to the harm it causes by a factor of 20.ConclusionsThe volume of research on illicit drug addiction is commensurate to the European burden, whereas alcohol misuse is far below what is needed to curb a significant source of harm.Clinical implicationsThe research asymmetries call for attention to the causes of the problem. Development of research-based solutions to a serious social harm is needed, including minimum pricing and collaborative work to harmonise efforts on disease management and treatment practices across European countries.

Behavioral choice theory can enhance our understanding of drug dependence and other behavioral disorders

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-580
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Drug Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Target Article

AbstractI support the major theme of Heyman's target article that behavioral choice theory can enhance our understanding of drug dependence, but I raise concerns about the critique of the operant model of drug dependence, the underscoring of melioration to the exclusion of other theories of choice, and assertions about the unique effects of drug reinforcement.

scholarly journals Science Instruction for Secondary Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: A Guide for Curriculum Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tal Slemrod ◽  
◽  
Leah Wood ◽  
Shelley Hart ◽  
William Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Science Classroom ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Practice Guide

This article provides a step-by-step guide for the organization and development of science lessons and units, to support the academic and behavioral performance of secondary students with challenges with related disabilities. This clinical practice guide provides a process for curriculum development for students with emotional or behavior disorders (EBD) in the science classroom. Steps include recommendations, goals, and examples for administrators and educators to discover appropriate plans and interventions to promote engagement and learning, including supporting success on State mandated High Stakes Assessments.

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