A new era in the development of multi-airport regions (MARs) has been in China, especially in the construction of global urban areas such as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In order to better understand competition and provide significant advice to support sustainable development of Chinese MARs, this paper takes the GBA-MAR as an example, and then explores the competition between airports in this multi-airport region based on route level and its impact on passenger airport choice using three liner models. According to our findings, competition is concentrated on a few air routes in the Northeast–East Coastal region and the Asia-Pacific region, in which all three airports operate. Although the domestic market of the GBA-MAR has been relatively mature, the international air transport market is still left with considerable room, which is also reflected in connections to the world’s cities and tourist destinations. In addition, the research also found that different airport brands created by route type significantly affected passenger airport choice. Overall, the study revealed that whether from a supply or demand aspect, competition between airports in a multi-airport region—not just airline competition in a single airport—is an important topic.
Spatial Analysis Quality of Life in Urban Areas Using Geographic Information System (GIS) (Case Study: District 2 of Mashhad)
