root colonization
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2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104358
Author(s):  
Szymon Zubek ◽  
Paweł Kapusta ◽  
Katarzyna Rożek ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Igor Gielas ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Rouina ◽  
Yu-Heng Tseng ◽  
Karaba N. Nataraja ◽  
Ramanan Uma Shaanker ◽  
Thomas Krüger ◽  
...  

Numerous Trichoderma strains are beneficial for plants, promote their growth, and confer stress tolerance. A recently described novel Trichoderma strain strongly promotes the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on media with 50 mM NaCl, while 150 mM NaCl strongly stimulated root colonization and induced salt-stress tolerance in the host without growth promotion. To understand the dynamics of plant-fungus interaction, we examined the secretome from both sides and revealed a substantial change under different salt regimes, and during co-cultivation. Stress-related proteins, such as a fungal cysteine-rich Kp4 domain-containing protein which inhibits plant cell growth, fungal WSC- and CFEM-domain-containing proteins, the plant calreticulin, and cell-wall modifying enzymes, disappear when the two symbionts are co-cultured under high salt concentrations. In contrast, the number of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases increases, which indicates that the fungus degrades more plant lignocellulose under salt stress and its lifestyle becomes more saprophytic. Several plant proteins involved in plant and fungal cell wall modifications and root colonization are only found in the co-cultures under salt stress, while the number of plant antioxidant proteins decreased. We identified symbiosis- and salt concentration-specific proteins for both partners. The Arabidopsis PYK10 and a fungal prenylcysteine lyase are only found in the co-culture which promoted plant growth. The comparative analysis of the secretomes supports antioxidant enzyme assays and suggests that both partners profit from the interaction under salt stress but have to invest more in balancing the symbiosis. We discuss the role of the identified stage- and symbiosis-specific fungal and plant proteins for salt stress, and conditions promoting root colonization and plant growth.


2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Maria Barazetti ◽  
Eduardo Gross ◽  
George Andrade Sodré ◽  
Ândrea Carla Dalmolin ◽  
Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: This study o evaluated growth, leaf gas exchange and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization in three medicinal plant species under different irradiance intensities. Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G.Lohmann, Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker and Varronia curassavica Jacq. were propagated by cutting and cultivated for 120 days in artificially shaded environments using black shade-type screens, obtaining four irradiance levels: 100%, 70%, 50% and 30%. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (three plant species and four irradiation levels) with seven replicates. The three medicinal species showed higher liquid assimilation, mass growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization rates when exposed to environments with 70% light availability. In relation to physiological responses, V. curassavica presented higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration when submitted to 70% irradiance, being able to be cultivated in more open environments with higher irradiation levels. Conversely F. chica and M. laevigata presented shade tolerance characteristics. At the initial growth phase, the results obtained can be used as indicators to recommend the ideal cultivation environment for these species in agroforestry systems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Santhoshkumar S ◽  
Devaraj D

The present study to investigate the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and spore population of some medicinal plants species at Theerthamalai hills Western Ghats of Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2010-March, 2011. From the surface to 20 cm depth as well as pH were also measured. Totally 42 plant species belonging to 24 families recovered Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore and root colonization. The results of the present study arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of the plant species Leucas aspera (386/100g of soil) which belongs to the family Lamiaceae and lowest spore population was observed in the  Wrightia tinctoria (117/100g of soil) belongs to Apocyanaceae. The maximum AM fungal infection was found in roots of Cassia auriculata (63%) belongs to the family Fabaceae, while the lowest AM fungal association was found in the root of Achyranthes aspera (17%) belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. A total of 24 AM fungal species belonging to 4 genera were recorded from the rhizosphere soil samples of this study region. Among these genus Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261225
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Fallah ◽  
Hashem Hadi ◽  
Reza Amirnia ◽  
Abdollah Hassanzadeh-Ghorttapeh ◽  
Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽  
...  

This study’s primary purpose was to investigate the possible amelioration of limited irrigation conditions by mycorrhiza (AMF), vermicompost, and green manure for lingrain plants. This experiment was accomplished as a factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was green manure (without green manure and with Trifolium pratense as green manure); the second factor consisted of Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhiza, vermicompost, a combination of mycorrhiza and vermicompost and none of them, and also the third factor was irrigation regime (full irrigation and late-season water limitation). Green manure, vermicompost, and mycorrhiza single-use enhanced the plant’s underwater limitation conditions compared to the control. However, vermicompost and green manure or mycorrhiza developed a positive synergistic effect on most traits. Combining green manure with the dual fertilizer (mycorrhiza + vermicompost) resulted in the vermicompost and mycorrhiza synergistic effects, especially under limited irrigation. Consequently, the combination of green manure, mycorrhiza, and vermicompost experienced the highest amount of leaf relative water content, root colonization, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity, grain yield, and oil yield, which would lead to more resistance of plants to limited irrigation conditions.


Author(s):  
Mepivoseth Castelán-Estrada ◽  
Emeterio Payró de la Cruz ◽  
Guadalupe De los Santos-López ◽  
Samuel Córdova-Sánchez ◽  
Juan F. Gómez-Leyva ◽  
...  

E Objective: A study was carried out in the Ingenio Santa Rosalía sugar mill supply area with the aim of identifying the soil subunits cultivated with sugar cane and to quantify the degree of mycorrhization of Saccharum officinarum. Design/Methodology/Approach: Rhizosphere samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm and root segments with diameters of ≤ 1 mm and 1-2.0 mm were studied. The intersect method and the fungal structures method were comparatively analyzed to determine the mycotrophic state of the roots. The study also quantified the number of spores in the soils and classified the morpho-species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM). Results: The results show that seven soil subunits exist in the area, but the intersect method did not detect differences in colonization by root diameter or by root colonization ( = 68.5%). For its part, the fungal structures method showed differences in colonization between soil subunits ( = 69.5%), being higher in thin roots, and statistical differences wer found for vesicles and spores. At the sites, an average of 696 spores was quantified per 100 g of soil, which indicates a high presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the study area. Finally, six species of mycorrhizae were identified, of which four are present in various soil subunits: Glomus aff. deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus viscosum, and Paraglomus occultum. Study Limitations/Implications: This was an exploratory study that indicates the potential of VAM. Findings/Conclusions: The presence of hyphae, vesicles, arbuscules, and spores indicates that there is an active mycotrophic process between VAM and sugarcane cultivation in the soils of the study area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivette García-Soto ◽  
Raphael Boussageon ◽  
Yareni Marlene Cruz-Farfán ◽  
Jesus Daniel Castro-Chilpa ◽  
Liz Xochiquetzal Hernández-Cerezo ◽  
...  

Legumes form root mutualistic symbioses with some soil microbes promoting their growth, rhizobia, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A conserved set of plant proteins rules the transduction of symbiotic signals from rhizobia and AMF in a so-called common symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP). Despite considerable efforts and advances over the past 20 years, there are still key elements to be discovered about the establishment of these root symbioses. Rhizobia and AMF root colonization are possible after a deep cell reorganization. In the interaction between the model legume Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti, this reorganization has been shown to be dependent on a SCAR/Wave-like signaling module, including Rho-GTPase (ROP in plants). Here, we studied the potential role of ROP3 in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (NFS) as well as in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). We performed a detailed phenotypic study on the effects of the loss of a single ROP on the establishment of both root symbioses. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of key genes related to CSSP and to the rhizobial-specific pathway. Under our experimental conditions, rop3 mutant showed less nodule formation at 7- and 21-days post inoculation as well as less microcolonies and a higher frequency of epidermal infection threads. However, AMF root colonization was not affected. These results suggest a role of ROP3 as a positive regulator of infection thread formation and nodulation in L. japonicus. In addition, CSSP gene expression was neither affected in NFS nor in AMS condition in rop3 mutant. whereas the expression level of some genes belonging to the rhizobial-specific pathway, like RACK1, decreased in the NFS. In conclusion, ROP3 appears to be involved in the NFS, but is neither required for intra-radical growth of AMF nor arbuscule formation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Olatunbosun ADEYEMI ◽  
Olanrewaju Emmanuel ONI ◽  
Paul Abayomi Sobowale SOREMI ◽  
Ademola ADEBIYI ◽  
Adebanke OLUBODE ◽  
...  

<p>The effect of phosphate fertilization on arbuscular mycorhizal symbiosis and grain yields of soybean cultivars was investigated on P deficient soil. A two-year field study (2017-2018) consisting of two soybean cultivars (TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1440-1E) and three phosphate rates [0, 20 and 40 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that P fertilization significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) reduced AMF root colonization of both cultivars in the two cropping years. The arbuscular, vesicular, internal hyphae and total colonization in the root cortex of the soybean cultivars were significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) reduced with high P (40 kg) application. However, moderate P (20 kg) promote AMF symbiosis in roots of ‘TG x 1448-2E‘. Dry mass (root and shoot), P uptake and grain yield of the soybean cultivars were significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) increased with increasing P ferilization. There was a strong linear relationships between root colonization and total dry matter mass (r = 0.81), P uptake (r = 0.81) and grain yield (r = 0.85). Thus, it could be concluded that moderate P fertilizer application is needed to promote mycorrhizal symbiosis in soybean and sustainable crop production in humid tropical soil.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Attia ◽  
Jakob Russel ◽  
Martin S. Mortensen ◽  
Jonas S. Madsen ◽  
Søren J. Sørensen

AbstractCommunity assembly processes determine patterns of species distribution and abundance which are central to the ecology of microbiomes. When studying plant root microbiome assembly, it is typical to sample at the whole plant root system scale. However, sampling at these relatively large spatial scales may hinder the observability of intermediate processes. To study the relative importance of these processes, we employed millimetre-scale sampling of the cell elongation zone of individual roots. Both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane microbiomes were examined in fibrous and taproot model systems, represented by wheat and faba bean, respectively. Like others, we found that the plant root microbiome assembly is mainly driven by plant selection. However, based on variability between replicate millimetre-scale samples and comparisons with randomized null models, we infer that either priority effects during early root colonization or variable selection among replicate plant roots also determines root microbiome assembly.


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