scholarly journals Testing for Asymmetric Central Bank Preferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Felix S. Nyumuah
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Rule ◽  
Asymmetric Preferences ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

The linear specification of the ideal monetary policy reaction function has been questioned in recent times by researchers. They have suggested a nonlinear framework where central banks exhibit asymmetric behaviours. Despite the important policy implications of having asymmetric central bank preferences, studies have been on single-country basis focusing almost entirely on advanced economies. The aim of this study is to check the existence of asymmetric preferences on the part of central banks in the context of a panel of countries and not just a single a country. The study derives and estimates a nonlinear flexible optimal monetary policy rule, which permits zone-like as well as asymmetric behaviours using panel data from a range of countries both developed and less developed. Although the findings indicate the presence of asymmetric preferences on the output gap across less developed countries, generally, the evidence is in favour of a linear policy reaction function and symmetric central bank preferences. These findings mean that monetary policy is characterised by a linear policy rule and symmetric central bank preferences. The results also indicate that interest rate ‘smoothing’ reaction by monetary authorities is more pronounced in less developed countries than in developed ones.

Endogeneity of Monetary Policy Reaction Fun~tion: An Experience from Pakistan's Economy

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 931-941
Author(s):  
M. Aynul Hasan ◽  
Qazi Masood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Standard Result ◽  
Policy Variable ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Monetary Policy Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

Monetary policy, in general, refers to those steps taken by the Central Bank to achieve such broader objectives of the economy as growth, employment, external balance and price stability through changes in the money supply, interest rates and credit policies. The money supply thus created by the Central Bank should be in response to the changes in key macroeconomic target variables such as GNP, balance of payments, inflation, internal debt and unemployment. Indeed, a properly estimated monetary policy reaction function can provide useful information regarding such matters as to whether the Central Bank, in fact, has been systematically accommodating to the changes in the target variables. The reaction function can also provide insight into the question as to what should be the relevant indicators of the monetary policy. In addition, as argued by Havrilesky (1967), it may also play a crucial role in the formulation of long-term monetary policy strategy. The other important consideration in the development of a monetary policy reaction function pertains to the endogeneity of the monetary policy. As pointed out by Goldfeld and Blinder (1972), if a policy variable responds to the lagged (or expected) target values, then considering such a policy variable as exogenous would not only introduce the problem of misspecification but will also produce serious biases in the parameters estimated from those models. In particular, if the monetary policy variable happens to be strongly influenced by target variables, then the standard result of the relative effectiveness of the monetary policy vis-a-vis fiscal policy can be questionable on the grounds of reverse causation problem.

FINANCIAL STABILITY AND MONETARY POLICY REACTION FUNCTION FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES: AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
SAMIA NASREEN ◽  
SOFIA ANWAR
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Monetary Policy Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

This study empirically investigates a monetary policy reaction function for South Asian economies by incorporating financial stability as an additional policy objective in the central bank’s loss function. Empirical results are estimated by applying auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and vector autoregressive (VAR) approach using time-series data of five South Asian countries, namely, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Estimated results indicate that monetary policy significantly reacts to the level of financial stability in all countries. The result further suggests that central banks would tighten monetary policy if output gap widens and exchange rate depreciate. In addition, central banks of Pakistan and India do not respond significantly to inflation gap.

scholarly journals Curtailing unconventional monetary policy: limitations and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Nataliia Sheludko
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Budget Deficits

The paper considers the monetary policy of leading world central banks that were used to overcome the global financial and economic crisis in 2008–2009. Advanced developed countries managed to overcome this crisis, primarily through monetary mechanisms. For this purpose, a non-traditional monetary policy was invented and applied for the first time. It included the following: quantitative easing with a corresponding rapid growth of central bank liabilities; de facto maintaining a plurality of their objectives, including ensuring financial stability and reducing unemployment; and expanded participation of central banks in financing governments' budget deficits. The measures taken helped to overcome the recession in developed countries and promoted the transition to a trajectory of economic growth. The current practice of monetary policy normalization, initiated in the United States, involves a gradual increase in the key interest rate and a curtailment of central bank balances. However, in many developed countries (EU), the practice of non-traditional monetary policy is still persistent and is an important factor for determining the trends of the global economy. In general, the results of this policy can be evaluated differently, but it is important for Ukraine to conclude on the relevance of monetary policy to stimulate economic development. Global volatility, increasingly determined by trade wars and other forms of protectionism in global economies, poses challenges (primarily in terms of maintaining/enhancing export and production capacity). For the economy of Ukraine, which is vulnerable to external shocks, these factors, combined with internal centres of instability, form a bunch of complicated tasks, in particular in terms of the cessation of further loss of investment potential, which should be addressed rationally by the monetary policy instruments.

scholarly journals The Economics of Inflation, Issues in the Design of Monetary Policy Rule, and Monetary Policy Reaction Function in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ather Maqsood Ahmed ◽  
Wasim Shahid Malik
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Rule ◽  
Exchange Rate Management ◽  
Monetary Policy Rule ◽  
Price Hike ◽  
Monetary Policy Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

The objective of this study is to estimate a monetary policy reaction function for Pakistan. To do this, we use data for the period 1992Q4–2010Q2. Our results show that the State Bank of Pakistan reacts to changes in the inflation rate and economic activity in a manner that is consistent with the Taylor (1993) rule, and with the explicit objective of interest rate smoothing and exchange rate management. This policy has remained consistent for most of the sample period, except for the last two years, during which a price hike and the massive depreciation of domestic currency led to a significant change in the parameters of the policy reaction function. We also find evidence of nonlinearity in the reaction function as the response to an inflation rate above 6.4 percent is found to be more aggressive than that in low inflationary episodes.

Estimating the ECB Policy Reaction Function

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Carstensen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
European Central ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

Abstract This paper estimates the policy reaction function of the European Central Bank in the first four years of EMU using an ordered probit model which accounts for the fact that central bank rates are set at multiples of 25 basis points. Starting from a baseline model which mimics the Taylor rule, the impacts of different economic variables on interest rate decisions are analysed. It is concluded that the monetary growth measure which was announced by the ECB as the first pillar of their monetary strategy does not play an outstanding role for the actual interest rate decisions. More sophisticated measures like the money overhang which uses information from both pillars are better suited. Overall, it is concluded that the revision of the monetary policy strategy in May 2003 which implied a downgrading of the first pillar will not induce any observable changes in monetary policy decisions.

scholarly journals Monetary policy in the conditions of global instability: conclusions for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Nataliia Sheludko
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Budget Deficits

The paper considers the monetary policy of leading world central banks that have been used to overcome the global financial and economic crisis in 2008-2009. Advanced developed countries, which are current world’s technological leaders, managed to overcome this crisis, primarily through monetary mechanisms. For this purpose, a non-traditional monetary policy was invented and applied for the first time. It included the following: quantitative easing with a corresponding rapid growth of central bank liabilities; de facto maintaining a plurality of their objectives, including ensuring financial stability and reducing unemployment; expanded participation of central banks in financing governments’ budget deficits. The measures taken helped to overcome the recession in developed countries and the transition to a trajectory of economic growth. The current practice of monetary policy normalization, initiated in the United States, involves a gradual increase in the key interest rate and a curtailment of central bank balances. However, in many developed countries, the practice of non-traditional monetary policy is still persistent and is an important factor for determining the trends of the global economy. In general, the results of this policy can be evaluated differently, but it is important for Ukraine to conclude on the relevance of monetary policy to stimulate economic development. Global volatility, increasingly determined by trade wars and other forms of protectionism in global economies, poses challenges (primarily in terms of maintaining/enhancing export and production capacity). For the economy of Ukraine, which is vulnerable to external shocks, these factors, combined with internal centres of instability, form a complex of complicated tasks, in particular in terms of the cessation of further loss of investment potential, which should be addressed rationally by the monetary policy instruments.

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