scholarly journals Microbial Contamination Associated with “Wagashi-Cheese” Production in Sissala East District- Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Grace Annagmeng Mwini ◽  
Sarah Darkwa
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Analysis

<p>The purpose of the study was to identify the possible sources of microbial contamination in the production of W<em>agashi-Cheese</em> in the Sissala East District, Upper West Region of Ghana. Also, the hygienic practices involved were examined. A survey, observation and experiment were used to collect data. Eighty (40 raw cow milk producers and 40 W<em>agashi-Cheese</em> producers) were randomly selected for the survey. Six (3 milk producers and 3 W<em>agashi –Cheese </em>producers) were purposively sampled for the experimental part. Microbial analysis of the milk and Wagashi-Cheese were carried out using the ISO and NMKL Analytical Standard procedures. Findings from the study revealed that milk and W<em>agashi-Cheese </em>producers do not practice optimal personal, food and environmental hygiene. Coliform, fecal coliform, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, Total mesophilic (PCA), yeast and mould were identified in both the milk and W<em>agashi-Cheese</em>. Dirty cow teat, unclean containers for receiving milk and improper handling of milk while transporting to Wagashi-Cheese centers were identified as Critical Control Points along the production line of W<em>agash-Cheese</em>. Post interventions showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in microbial levels in the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) improved the quality of the final product. HACCP education and training for milk and W<em>agashi-Cheese </em>producers is highly recommended. In conclusion, there is a significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the microbial load of wagashi from the selected producers and thus the alternate hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the microbial loads of wagashi from different producers.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Identification of Critical Control Points Relating to the Production of Skewered Meat Sold in N’Djamena-Chad

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam Tidjani ◽  
Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum ◽  
Brahim Boy Otchom ◽  
Mahamat Bechir ◽  
Hourra Djiguide Chemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Critical Control Points

<p>Meat is a food of choice because of its nutritional quality. Grills are regularly consumed in Africa and particularly in the Sahelian countries. These are very popular consumer products. However, they can be contaminated by various microorganisms and cause food poisoning if the meat is not handled in hygienic conditions. In order to contribute to improving the quality of these products, we have followed the steps in production of meat skewers by the method of “5M” of Ishikawa. The “HACCP decision tree” model was used to determine the Critical Control Points (CCP). Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a method and principles of management of food safety. The results of monitoring procedures for making meat skewers showed many shortcomings in hygiene. Six (06) critical points were determined. As for testing, we conducted microbiological analyzes on fifty (50) units of samples corresponding to ten (10) different types of products collected at different stages of production. Compared to AFNOR (French Association of Standardization), criteria for cooked and dehydrated soups and considering the analytical variability associated with the methods of analysis, our results indicate that the products contaminated with germs indicating failure to comply with hygiene. Samples analyzed presented at different stages of production compliance rate of 40% for total bacteria (30 °C), 30% for total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms (44 °C). The rate of non-compliance is 40% compared with sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Molds identified in meat skewered and ingredients are <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Penicillium sp</em> and <em>Geotrichum sp</em>. Salmonella, <em>S. aureus</em> and yeasts are absent in the samples. Training on good hygiene practices is required at vendors in order to ensure the hygienic quality of grilled meats.</p>

Effect of Dehairing Operations on Microbiological Quality of Swine Carcasses†

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1478-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEW-LING YU ◽  
DECLAN BOLTON ◽  
CHERYL LAUBACH ◽  
PATRICIA KLINE ◽  
ALAN OSER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Point System ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

To develop a hazard analysis and critical control point plan for food processing operations, critical control points must be determined. Swine slaughtering and dressing operations were investigated to establish their critical control points. We monitored the microbiology of swine carcasses by surface swabbing carcass bellies at various steps during the process and by quantitating total aerobic plate count (APC) and coliforms. Starting with a dehaired carcass, the sequential steps monitored included presingeing, postsingeing, polishing, and chilling. Initial results indicate that singeing and chilling substantially reduced the levels of APC and coliforms, whereas polishing increased their levels. The hygienic characteristics of individual operations involved in dressing swine carcasses were then evaluated in the second experiment. A set of 40 randomly selected carcasses leaving singeer, polisher, shaver, and washer were sampled. Carcasses were heavily contaminated during the final polishing procedure, and the APC increased threefold compared with prepolishing levels. Washing reduced the bacterial numbers by 69%. To reduce the microbial load on swine carcasses, final polishing and manual shaving steps were not used during the dressing operation on a set of 90 carcasses. APCs on singed carcasses were reduced from 1.34 to −0.15 log10 CFU/cm2 when the final polisher and manual shavers were not used. However, carcasses were subsequently recontaminated with bacteria after evisceration, and the APCs were similar (P &gt; 0.05) regardless of whether the final polishing and manual shaving steps were used, averaging 1.30 and 1.46 log10 CFU/cm2. These results indicated that individual operations can be identified as critical control points, appropriate limits can be set and monitored in a hazard analysis and critical control point system, and steps where further changes to reduce bacterial levels may be needed for swine slaughtering plants.

Validation of Acid Washes as Critical Control Points in Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems†

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1676-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. DORMEDY ◽  
M. M. BRASHEARS ◽  
C. N. CUTTER ◽  
D. E. BURSON
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Acid Wash

A 2% lactic acid wash used in a large meat-processing facility was validated as an effective critical control point (CCP) in a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plan. We examined the microbial profiles of beef carcasses before the acid wash, beef carcasses immediately after the acid wash, beef carcasses 24 h after the acid wash, beef subprimal cuts from the acid-washed carcasses, and on ground beef made from acid-washed carcasses. Total mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliforms, generic Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, and acid-tolerant microorganisms were enumerated on all samples. The presence of Salmonella spp. was also determined. Acid washing significantly reduced all counts except for pseudomonads that were present at very low numbers before acid washing. All other counts continued to stay significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than those on pre-acid-washed carcasses throughout all processing steps. Total bacteria, coliforms, and generic E. coli enumerated on ground beef samples were more than 1 log cycle lower than those reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Baseline data. This study suggests that acid washes may be effective CCPs in HACCP plans and can significantly reduce the total number of microorganisms present on the carcass and during further processing.

Microbial Contamination of Carcasses, Meat, and Equipment from an Iberian Pork Cutting Plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1624-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERESA RIVAS PALÁ ◽  
ANA SEVILLA
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Meat Type

An assessment and follow-up of the microbial contamination of an Iberian pork cutting room is presented. Samples were taken from carcasses (n = 76), meat pieces (three types, n = 71), meat for dry-cured sausages (3 types, n = 66), and surfaces of equipment (n = 158). Aerobic plate counts (APC) at 37°C on meat pieces (primal cuts) were lower than on carcasses (3.62 log CFU/10 cm2 against 4.63 log CFU/10 cm2), probably owing to the removal of the skin. However, more than 80% of the meat pieces showed presence of Escherichia coli. For the three types of meat intended for dry-cured sausages, higher counts (P &lt; 0.001) were found for meat type 3—an important cut obtained from the vertebral column—at 2.62 log CFU/g for E. coli; the particular surface used in the handling of meat type 3 also showed high counts (P &lt;0.001) for E. coli. Consequently, attention should be paid to the hazard analysis critical control point plan at this stage. Salmonella was isolated from 3.94% of the carcass surfaces (perianal zone), 4.46% of meat pieces, and 13.58% of meat for dry-cured sausages. Moreover, the percentages for isolation of Salmonella from carcasses of Iberian pigs (extensive rearing) in our study were lower than those generally reported in the literature for “white pigs” (intensive rearing). Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 31.82% of meat samples for dry-cured sausages, in 16.90% of meat pieces, and in 15.50% of the equipment after 4 h of work. Of the coagulase-positive strains isolated, 47.61% were producers of enterotoxin.

Washing and chilling as critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Bolton ◽  
R.A. Pearce ◽  
J.J. Sheridan ◽  
I.S. Blair ◽  
D.A. McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

Studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Pearce ◽  
D.J. Bolton ◽  
J.J. Sheridan ◽  
D.A. McDowell ◽  
I.S. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Judgments in Fruit Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1366-1372
Author(s):  
Yao Li Zhang ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

In the applications of HACCP, hazard analysis (HA) and the determination of critical control points (CCP) are particularly important. For example, in fruit production, using hazard risk assessment to quantify the damage, to determine the significant harm, then using tree key control point evaluation and providing general methods for HACCP critical control points to judge. There are rich fruit tree resources in our country, the fruit trees of economic value has more than 30, including apple, orange, pear, banana, peach, hawthorn, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, litchi, longan, pineapple, mango, persimmon, jujube and kiwi, etc. In recent years, the development of fruit industry is fast in China, the fruit production has increased to 214.014 million t in 2010 from 161.201 million t in 2005. As people living standard enhancement, the fruits quality and safety are becoming more and more important. Fruits quality and safety have become an important factor that restricts the development of fruit industry in our country.

Predictive Microbiology and HACCP

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP H. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Predictive Microbiology ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Critical Limits

ABSTRACT While both predictive microbiology and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) programs are still in the developmental stages as food-safety tools, predictive models are available that are potentially useful in the development and maintenance of HACCP systems. When conducting a HACCP study, models can be used to assess the risk (probability) and determine the consequence of a microbiological hazard in food. The risk of a hazard is reduced and controlled within the HACCP framework by assigning critical control points (CCPs) to the food process. By using predictive models, ranges and combinations of process parameters can be established as critical limits for CCPs. This has the advantage of providing more processing options while maintaining a degree of safety equivalent to that of a single set of critical limits. Validation testing of individual CCPs can be reduced if the CCP models were developed with a similar food type. Microbiological as well as mechanical and human reliability models may be used to establish sets of rules for rule-based expert computer systems in an effort to automate the development of HACCP plans and evaluate the status of process deviations. Models can also be used in combination with sensors and microprocessors for real-time process control. Since HACCP is a risk-reduction tool, then predictive microbiological models are tools used to aid in the decision-making processes of risk assessment and in describing process parameters necessary to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

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