scholarly journals The Fossil Energy and CO2 Emissions Budget for the Barnyard Operations of Livestock Farms in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Dyer ◽  
Xavier P. C. Verge ◽  
Raymond L. Desjardins ◽  
Devon E. Worth
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Hog Farms ◽  
Electric Heat ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Wide Potential

This paper describes fossil fuel energy use for on-farm transportation, heating of farm buildings, electricity generation, machinery supply and the spreading of manure. These four terms describe the barnyard energy budget. Calculations for this energy budget were driven by population data for beef and dairy cattle, hogs and poultry in Canada. Prior to comparing this energy budget for 2001 and 2011, the year-to-year trends from 1990 to 2014 were analysed. The declines in all livestock populations, except poultry, between 2001 and 2011 reduced the size of the Canadian barnyard energy budget from 25 PJ to 22 PJ. The resulting change in the fossil CO2 emissions between 2001 and 2011 was from 1.62 MtCO2 to 1.36 MtCO2. A sensitivity analysis based on future elimination of coal for generating electricity, introduction of electric pickup trucks (e-pickups) and increased use of electric heat, reduced fossil CO2 emissions during 2011 from dairy farms by 29%, beef farms by 24%, hog farms by 19% and poultry by 13%. The most affected provinces by this test were Alberta and Saskatchewan because of the heavy dependence on coal in electricity generation in these two provinces. This scenario test suggests a Canada-wide potential reduction of 0.30 MtCO2. A second sensitivity test based on a Canada-wide 20% reallocation of protein production from beef to pork revealed a very modest potential to actually reduce barnyard fossil CO2 emissions by 0.09 MtCO2 for Canada. 

An assessment of fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional level crop and land use database for Canada

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 2261-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Dyer ◽  
S.N. Kulshreshtha ◽  
B.G. McConkey ◽  
R.L. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

scholarly journals CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sam Hamels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Electrical Loads

The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.

scholarly journals Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Li ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.

Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia

Energy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 5094-5100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Tien Pao ◽  
Hsiao-Cheng Yu ◽  
Yeou-Herng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use

scholarly journals CO<sub>2</sub> emissions inventory of Chinese cities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Shan ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Jianghua Liu ◽  
Zhu Liu ◽  
Jingru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. China is the world's largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter. Cities contribute 85 % of the total CO2 emissions in China and thus are considered the key areas for implementing policies designed for climate change adaption and CO2 emission mitigation. However, understanding the CO2 emission status of Chinese cities remains a challenge, mainly owing to the lack of systematic statistics and poor data quality. This study presents a method for constructing a CO2 emissions inventory for Chinese cities in terms of the definition provided by the IPCC territorial emission accounting approach. We apply this method to compile CO2 emissions inventories for 20 Chinese cities. Each inventory covers 47 socioeconomic sectors, 20 energy types and 9 primary industry products. We find that cities are large emissions sources because of their intensive industrial activities, such as electricity generation, production for cement and other construction materials. Additionally, coal and its related products are the primary energy source to power Chinese cities, providing an average of 70 % of the total CO2 emissions. Understanding the emissions sources in Chinese cities using a concrete and consistent methodology is the basis for implementing any climate policy and goal.

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