scholarly journals DIAGNOSING CLEFT LIP PATHOLOGY IN 3D ULTRASOUND: A LANDMARKING-BASED APPROACH

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Vezzetti ◽  
Domenico Speranza ◽  
Federica Marcolin ◽  
Giulia Fracastoro
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Asymmetry Information ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Asymmetry

The aim of this work is to automatically diagnose and formalize prenatal cleft lip with representative key points and identify the type of defect (unilateral, bilateral, right, or left) in three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D US). Geometry has been used as a framework for describing facial shapes and curvatures. Then, descriptors coming from this field are employed for identifying the typical key points of the defect and its dimensions. The descriptive accuracy of these descriptors has allowed us to automatically extract reference points, quantitative distances, labial profiles, and to provide information about facial asymmetry. Eighteen foetal faces, ten of healthy foetuses and eight with different types of cleft lips, have been obtained through a Voluson system and used for testing the algorithm. Cleft lip has been diagnosed and correctly characterized in all cases. Transverse and cranio-caudal length of the cleft have been computed and upper lip profile has been automatically extract to have a visual quantification of the overall labial defect. The asymmetry information obtained is consistent with the defect. This algorithm has been designed to support practitioners in identifying and classifying cleft lips. The gained results have shown that geometry might be a proper tool for describing faces and for diagnosis.

Serial Observation of Asymmetry in the Growing Face

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Osseous Dysplasia ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Serial Observation

Three children suffering from facial asymmetry were observed annually using facial stereophotogrammetry before, during, and after their general skeletal adolescent growth spurt. Stereophotogrammetry allows accurate three-dimensional measurements between identifiable facial landmarks. Five pairs of bilateral parameters connecting external canthi and angles of the mouth to alae and tip of nose, and to each other, allowed a positive sign (right-side larger) or a negative (left-side larger) assessment of parameter asymmetry, Their total, taking sign into account, assessed mid-facial asymmetry. Serial observation showed that: (1) in patient no. 1 suffering from post-traumatic condylar hypoplasia, the facial asymmetry resolved; (2) in patient no. 2 suffering from unilateral facial hypoplasia, the asymmetry, which was severe, reduced with adolescence, but did not resolve; (3) in patient no. 3 suffering from fibro-osseous dysplasia of left maxilla, the asymmetry was reduced by surgery, but the full effects of the surgery were not measurable until over 1 year after operation: subsequently, the asymmetry began to increase again.

Three-dimensional analyses of nasolabial forms and upper lip surface symmetry after primary lip repair in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namiko Kimura ◽  
Etsuro Nozoe ◽  
Takako Okawachi ◽  
Kiyohide Ishihata ◽  
Takao Fuchigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Lip

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis of EEC Syndrome with “Lobster Claw” Anomaly by 3D Ultrasound

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia T. Rios ◽  
Edward Araujo ◽  
Ana C. R. Caetano ◽  
Luciano M. Nardozza ◽  
Antonio F. Moron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Eec Syndrome ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Genetic Anomaly ◽  
Better Than

The EEC syndrome is a genetic anomaly characterized by the triad: ectodermal dysplasia (development of anomalies of the structures derived from the embryonic ectodermal layer), ectrodactyly (extremities, hands and feet malformations) and cleft lip and/or palate; these malformations can be seen together or in isolation. The prenatal diagnosis can be made by two-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) that identifies the facial and/or limb anomalies, most characteristic being the “lobster-claw” hands. The three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) provides a better analysis of the malformations than the 2DUS. A 25-year-old primigravida, had her first transvaginal ultrasonography that showed an unique fetus with crow-rump length of 47 mm with poorly defined hands and feet,. She was suspected of having sporadic form of EEC syndrome. The 2DUS performed at 19 weeks confirmed the EEC syndrome, showing a fetus with lobster-claw hands (absence of the 2nd and 3rd fingers), left foot with the absence of the 3rd toe and the right foot with syndactyly, and presence of cleft lip/palate. The 3DUS defined the anomalies much better than 2DUS including the lobster-claw hands.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Morphological Changes in the Maxilla of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Braumann ◽  
Ludger Keilig ◽  
Christoph Bourauel ◽  
Andreas Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Infant Orthopedics

Objective Three-dimensional (3-D) morphological changes in the maxilla of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have been recorded, mainly using two-dimensional cast analyses. Although these seem to be insufficient, no standardized 3-D method has been developed until now. In this study, accuracy, precision, and validity of a newly developed 3-D digital computer-aided procedure to visualize and metrically analyze the growth of the edentulous maxilla of infants with CLP have been evaluated. Patients The method was applied to 10 infants with complete unilateral CLP. Interventions Consecutive casts of the maxilla (1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months) of each patient were optically measured with a 3-D laser scanner. Following digitizing, the casts were computer reconstructed, aligned, and superimposed using specialized computer software. The distances between the surfaces were measured. Additionally, the surfaces were segmented perpendicular to the alveolar crest, the reference points being C1, C1′, C2, C2′, and I. The volumes of the resulting segments were determined and compared with one another. Results The newly developed analysis enables a visualization of the extent and direction of morphological changes in the maxilla of infants with CLP. With this method it is possible to quantify these changes of the volume of defined alveolar segments. Conclusions The 3-D analysis developed is an ideal tool for the examination of 3-D morphological changes in the edentulous maxilla of patients with CLP. The results will serve as the starting point for a longitudinal study on the efficacy of different methods, not only of presurgical infant orthopedics but also of surgical procedures.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Facial Asymmetry in Cleft Lip and Palate

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ras ◽  
Luc L. M. H. Habets ◽  
Floris C. Van Ginkel ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry

Cleft Skeletal Asymmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delnaz S. Patel ◽  
Rachel Jacobson ◽  
Yao Duan ◽  
Linping Zhao ◽  
David Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Skeletal Asymmetry

Objective: To quantitatively measure the extent of 3D asymmetry of the facial skeleton in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using an asymmetry index (AI) approach, and to illustrate the applicability of the index in guiding and measuring treatment outcome. Method: Two groups of subjects between the ages of 15 and 20 who had archived CBCT scan were included in this study. Twenty-five patients with complete UCLP were compared with 50 age-matched noncleft subjects. The CBCT scans were segmented and landmarked for 3D anthropometric analysis. An AI was calculated as a quantitative measure of the extent of facial skeletal asymmetry. Results: For the control group, the AI ranged from 0.72 ± 0.47 at A point to 4.77 ± 1.59 at Gonion. The degree of asymmetry increased with the increasing laterality of the landmark from the midsagittal plane. In the UCLP group, the values of AI significantly increased compared to the control group at nearly all measured landmarks. The extent of the asymmetry to involve the upper, middle, and lower facial skeleton varied widely with the individual patient with UCLP. Conclusion: The asymmetry index is capable of capturing the 3D facial asymmetry of subjects with UCLP and as a basis for classification of the extent of the asymmetry. We found the index to be applicable in surgical planning and in measuring the outcome in improving the symmetry in patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Facial Asymmetry in Cleft Lip and Palate

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ras ◽  
Luc L.M.H. Habets ◽  
Floris C. Van Ginkel ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Three Components

The purpose of the present study was to describe facial asymmetry in three dimensions in individuals with an operated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and in individuals without craniofacial anomalies (controls). Three-dimensional coordinates for 16 bilateral and 10 midsagittal facial landmarks were determined for the UCLP group (N=49) and the control group (N=80) by means of stereophotogrammetry. The total asymmetry was measured and resolved for transverse, vertical, and sagittal components. It can be concluded that all three components are Important in studies on facial asymmetry. Individuals with UCLP show more facial asymmetry in the vertical direction than controls. They demonstrate more facial asymmetry in the region related to the cleft than controls. And, males in general demonstrate more asymmetry of the nose than females.

Upper Lip Asymmetry Perception Using Three-Dimensional Anthropometry in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip Deformity

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2080-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Suk Oh ◽  
Jong Woo Choi ◽  
Kyung S. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Lip

scholarly journals Functional Outcomes of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part II: Quantification of Nasolabial Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll-Ann Trotman ◽  
Julian J. Faraway ◽  
H. Wolfgang Losken ◽  
John A. van Aalst
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Lip Movement ◽  
The Asymmetry

Objective: To explore nasolabial movements in participants with repaired cleft lip and palate. Design: A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial. Subjects: Group 1 = 31 participants with a cleft lip slated for revision surgery (revision), group 2 = 32 participants with a cleft lip who did not have surgery (nonrevision), and group 3 = 37 noncleft control participants. Methods: Three-dimensional movements were assessed using a video-based tracking system that captured movement of 38 landmarks placed at specific sites on the face during instructed maximum smile, cheek puff, lip purse, mouth opening, and natural smile. Measurements were made at two time points at least 1 week and no greater than 3 months apart. Summary measurements were generated for the magnitude of upper lip, lower lip, and lower jaw movements and the asymmetry of upper lip movement. Separate regression models were fitted to each of the summary measurements. Results: Lateral movements of the upper lip were greater than vertical movements. Relative to the noncleft group, the revision and nonrevision groups demonstrated 6% to 28% less upper lip movements, with the smiles having the most restriction in movement and greater asymmetry of upper lip movement. Having an alveolar bone graft further increased the asymmetry, while a bilateral cleft lip decreased the asymmetry. Lower jaw movement caused a small increase in upper lip movement. Conclusions: The objective measurement of movement may be used as an outcome measure for cleft lip surgery.

Reliability of Linear Measurements on a Virtual Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. M. Oosterkamp ◽  
Wicher J. van der Meer ◽  
Majelle Rutenfrans ◽  
Pieter U. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Top View

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of measurements performed on three-dimensional virtual models of neonatal bilateral cleft lip and palate patients, compared with measurements performed on plaster cast models. Materials and Methods: Ten high-quality plaster cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients were scanned with an LDI-scanner to obtain a three-dimensional virtual model. Linear measurements were performed on the plaster cast models using a digital caliper and also on the three-dimensional virtual model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. The measurements were performed by two observers on two occasions. Results: Intraclass correlations ranging from .81 to .96 were found for all measurements except the measurement between the constructed reference point pr and reference point i (intraclass correlation = .40). A post hoc procedure in which top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model were used to perform the measurement between reference points pr and i demonstrated an intraclass coefficient of .90. Conclusions: Three-dimensional virtual models obtained by laser scanning neonatal cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients can be used reliably and validly to perform linear measurements between existing reference points on the surface of the model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. Measurements between reference points constructed outside the surface of the model cannot be validly performed on the three-dimensional virtual model with the software used in this study. For these measurements, top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model can be used.

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