Disturbances in the development of the female gametophyte in fully fertile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill) and those showing a tendency to parthenocarpy

It was found that part of the ovules in two lines of <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>: Kholodostoykye (Kh, fertile) and A33 (with a tendency to parthenocarpy) show disturbances in the development of the embryo sac. These irregularities can be seen in four phases: pre-meiotic, post-meiotic (tetrad), nucleate and cellular. The majority of irregularities were observed in the cellular stage of embryo sac development. The total number of ovules with disturbed female gametophyte was higher in the A33 (32.6%) than in the Kh line (23.5%).

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Cytological and histological studies on female gametophyte of Leucojum aestivum (Amaryllidaceae)

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-008-0017-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nuran Ekici ◽

Feruzan Dane

Keyword(s):

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Archesporial Cell ◽

Filiform Apparatus ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Embryo Sac Development ◽

Leucojum Aestivum ◽

Secondary Nucleus

AbstractIn this study, gynoeceum, development of megasporangium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Leucojum aestivum were examined cytologically and histologically. Ovules of L. aestivum are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Inner integument forms the micropyle. Archesporial cell develops directly into a megasporocyte. Embryo sac development is of bisporic Allium type. Filiform apparatus is observed in synergids. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form secondary nucleus near the antipodals.

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Embryology of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) and its systematic significance

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.350.3.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 350 (3) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

YUAN-YUAN SONG ◽

YUN-YUN ZHAO ◽

JIA-XI LIU

Keyword(s):

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Mature Pollen ◽

Polygonum Type ◽

Male And Female ◽

Systematic Significance ◽

Embryo Sac Development

In this study, we systematically studied the microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, as well as development of male and female gametophyte of Polygonatum macropodum and P. sibiricum using the conventional paraffin sectioning technique. Our results showed that 1) microsporocytes cytokinesis is of the successive type; 2) microspore tetrads are tetragonal or tetrahedral; 3) mature pollen grains are two-celled or three-celled; 4) ovary is superior and trilocular, with axile placentas bearing 4–6 anatropous per locule; 5) ovules are anatropous, crassinucellate and bitegmic, with micropyle formed by the inner integument; 6) megaspore tetrads are linear or T-shaped; 7) embryo sac development is typically of Polygonum-type. The embryological features of Polygonatum support its inclusion of Asparagaceae in Asparagales.

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Development of Female Gametophyte in Gladiolus italicus Miller (Iridaceae)

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-1082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 91-97

Author(s):

Ciler Kartal ◽

Nuran Ekici ◽

Almina Kargacıoğlu ◽

Hazal Nurcan Ağırman

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Polygonum Type ◽

Gametophyte Development ◽

Embryo Sac Development ◽

Secondary Nucleus ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Female Gametophyte Development ◽

First Time

In this study gynoecium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Gladiolus italicus Miller were examined cytologically and histologically by using light microscopy techniques. Ovules of G. italicus are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Embryo sac development is of monosporic Polygonum type. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form a secondary nucleus near the antipodals. The female gametophyte development of G. italicus was investigated for the first time with this study.

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Gibberellin-mediated RGA-LIKE1 degradation regulates embryo sac development in Arabidopsis

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa395 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (22) ◽

pp. 7059-7072 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Dolores Gomez ◽

Daniela Barro-Trastoy ◽

Clara Fuster-Almunia ◽

Pablo Tornero ◽

Jose M Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Gametophyte ◽

Central Area ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Ovule Development ◽

Embryo Sac Development ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Developmental Programme ◽

Embryo Sac Formation ◽

Functional Megaspore

Abstract Ovule development is essential for plant survival, as it allows correct embryo and seed development upon fertilization. The female gametophyte is formed in the central area of the nucellus during ovule development, in a complex developmental programme that involves key regulatory genes and the plant hormones auxins and brassinosteroids. Here we provide novel evidence of the role of gibberellins (GAs) in the control of megagametogenesis and embryo sac development, via the GA-dependent degradation of RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1) in the ovule primordia. YPet-rgl1Δ17 plants, which express a dominant version of RGL1, showed reduced fertility, mainly due to altered embryo sac formation that varied from partial to total ablation. YPet-rgl1Δ17 ovules followed normal development of the megaspore mother cell, meiosis, and formation of the functional megaspore, but YPet-rgl1Δ17 plants had impaired mitotic divisions of the functional megaspore. This phenotype is RGL1-specific, as it is not observed in any other dominant mutants of the DELLA proteins. Expression analysis of YPet-rgl1Δ17 coupled to in situ localization of bioactive GAs in ovule primordia led us to propose a mechanism of GA-mediated RGL1 degradation that allows proper embryo sac development. Taken together, our data unravel a novel specific role of GAs in the control of female gametophyte development.

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Factors affecting the production of seeds in fully fertile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.) and those showing a tendency to parthenocarpy

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1985.022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Gabara ◽

Bogusław Kubicki

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Seed Production ◽

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Seed Number ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Embryo Sac Formation ◽

Pollination And Fertilization

Comparative studies on the development of the female gametophyte, pollination and fertilization in two lines of <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>, Kholodostoykye (Kh, fertile) and A33 (with a tendency to parthenocarpy) have revealed that seed production is affected by disturbances in embryo sac formation but mainly by its degeneration after anthesis, which is especially visible in line A33. Moreover, delayed development of some embryo sacs and incomplete pollination due to various stigma levels seem to be responsible for the diminution of seed number in line A33. Deep fluorescence of numerous pollen grains as well as whole pollen tubes in 83.3 per cent of A33 stigmas and only 24.1 per cent in the Kh line points to the heterogeneity of pollen. This could be one more reason for reduced fertility. The results of application of plant growth regulators (auxin, PCIB) which affect seed production in tomato of line A33 remain inconclusive.

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMBRYOLOGY OF HOPPEA DICHOTOMA WILLD. (GENTIANACEAE)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b61-085 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1001-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Govindappa D. Arekal

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Polygonum Type ◽

Wall Formation ◽

Embryo Sac Development ◽

In Series ◽

Second Period

The mode of embryo sac development in Hoppea dichotoma Willd. conforms to the Polygonum type. No integumentary tapetum is organized around the female gametophyte. The organization of the endosperm follows the nuclear type. Simultaneous cell wall formation occurs throughout the endosperm when the embryo is at the 4- to 6-celled stage. The development of the embryo is assigned to the second period, V megarchetype and group 11 in series C′ in the system of embryogenic classification of Souèges. The endosperm and embryo of Gentianaceae are compared with those of Menyanthaceae.

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Ultrastructural Observation on Embryo Sac Development inPhaius tankervilliae(Aiton)Bl.

Plant Science Journal ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1142.2012.20188 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dong-Mei LI ◽

Cheng-Hou WU ◽

Xiu-Lin YE ◽

Cheng-Ye LIANG

Keyword(s):

Embryo Sac ◽

Ultrastructural Observation ◽

Embryo Sac Development

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The mac1 Gene: Controlling the Commitment to the Meiotic Pathway in Maize

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/142.3.1009 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 1009-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

William F Sheridan ◽

Nadezhda A Avalkina ◽

Ivan I Shamrov ◽

Tatyana B Batyea ◽

Inna N Golubovskaya

Keyword(s):

Female Gametophyte ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Normal Female ◽

Ovule Development ◽

Partial Sterility ◽

Embryo Sac Formation ◽

Female Gametophyte Development ◽

Normal Meiosis ◽

Pleiotropic Mutation

Abstract The switch from the vegetative to the reproductive pathway of development in flowering plants requires the commitment of the subepidermal cells of the ovules and anthers to enter the meiotic pathway. These cells, the hypodermal cells, either directly or indirectly form the archesporial cells that, in turn, differentiate into the megasporocytes and microsporocytes. We have isolated a recessive pleiotropic mutation that we have termed multiple archesporial cells1 (macl) and located it to the short arm of chromosome 10. Its cytological phenotype suggests that this locus plays an important role in the switch of the hypodermal cells from the vegetative to the meiotic (sporogenous) pathway in maize ovules. During normal ovule development in maize, only a single hypodermal cell develops into an archesporial cell and this differentiates into the single megasporocyte. In macl mutant ovules several hypodermal cells develop into archesporial cells, and the resulting megasporocytes undergo a normal meiosis. More than one megaspore survives in the tetrad and more than one embryo sac is formed in each ovule. Ears on mutant plants show partial sterility resulting from abnormalities in megaspore differentiation and embryo sac formation. The sporophytic expression of this gene is therefore also important for normal female gametophyte development.

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