scholarly journals Development of Female Gametophyte in Gladiolus italicus Miller (Iridaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Ciler Kartal ◽  
Nuran Ekici ◽  
Almina Kargacıoğlu ◽  
Hazal Nurcan Ağırman
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
Secondary Nucleus ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development ◽  
First Time

In this study gynoecium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Gladiolus italicus Miller were examined cytologically and histologically by using light microscopy techniques. Ovules of G. italicus are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Embryo sac development is of monosporic Polygonum type. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form a secondary nucleus near the antipodals. The female gametophyte development of G. italicus was investigated for the first time with this study.

Ovule and Female Gametophyte Development in Fertile and Sterile Safflower Plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Carapetian ◽  
EA Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Male Gametogenesis ◽  
Delayed Initiation ◽  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Functional Megaspore ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

Development of safflower ovules and female gametophytes was compared in fertile and genetically sterile F2 and backcross segregants from the cross between 'US-10' and '57-147' genotypes. Fertile plants formed normal anatropous ovules with eight-nucleate embryo sacs, typical of the angiosperms. One week before anthesis, the eight-nucleate embryo sac is well developed and undergoes rapid elongation and expansion during the 24 h prior to anthesis, accompanied by a doubling in length of the florets. Sterile plants also formed normal ovules, but apparently with a delayed initiation of meiosis which was subsequently arrested at Metaphase I. Embryo sacs did not form in sterile florets except for rare observations of uninucleate embryo sacs which began to degenerate before anthesis. The integumentary tapetum which normally developed upon completion of meiosis in fertile plants, was well developed during Prophase I of megasporogenesis in sterile plants. This observation suggests that cell differentiation and development of this nutritive jacket is basically controlled by the age of the ovules rather than initiated by appearance of the functional megaspore. Failure of both female and male gametogenesis seems to result from interaction of three independently segregating genes.

Cytological and histological studies on female gametophyte of Leucojum aestivum (Amaryllidaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuran Ekici ◽  
Feruzan Dane
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Archesporial Cell ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum ◽  
Secondary Nucleus

AbstractIn this study, gynoeceum, development of megasporangium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Leucojum aestivum were examined cytologically and histologically. Ovules of L. aestivum are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Inner integument forms the micropyle. Archesporial cell develops directly into a megasporocyte. Embryo sac development is of bisporic Allium type. Filiform apparatus is observed in synergids. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form secondary nucleus near the antipodals.

Embryology of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) and its systematic significance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 350 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
YUAN-YUAN SONG ◽  
YUN-YUN ZHAO ◽  
JIA-XI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Embryo Sac Development

In this study, we systematically studied the microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, as well as development of male and female gametophyte of Polygonatum macropodum and P. sibiricum using the conventional paraffin sectioning technique. Our results showed that 1) microsporocytes cytokinesis is of the successive type; 2) microspore tetrads are tetragonal or tetrahedral; 3) mature pollen grains are two-celled or three-celled; 4) ovary is superior and trilocular, with axile placentas bearing 4–6 anatropous per locule; 5) ovules are anatropous, crassinucellate and bitegmic, with micropyle formed by the inner integument; 6) megaspore tetrads are linear or T-shaped; 7) embryo sac development is typically of Polygonum-type. The embryological features of Polygonatum support its inclusion of Asparagaceae in Asparagales.

Ovule and female gametophyte development in the Bromeliaceae: an embryological study of Pitcairnia encholirioides

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 883-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone P. Mendes ◽  
Alexandra A. Mastroberti ◽  
Jorge E.A. Mariath ◽  
Ricardo C. Vieira ◽  
Karen L.G. De Toni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Pitcairnia encholirioides L.B.Sm. is an endangered species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This species exhibits limited flowering, late seed germination, and preference for clonal growth. Because little is known about its life cycle and female gametophyte development, the ovule development, gynosporogenesis, and gynogametogenesis were analysed to advance knowledge of the species’ life cycle and structural alterations during ovule and female gametophyte development. Also, identification of embryological characters contributing to systematics of Pitcairnioideae is relevant. The ovules are anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate, the gynosporogenesis is monosporic, and the female gametophyte is a Polygonum type. Different patterns in development of the integuments, nucellus, chalazal appendage, and micropylar channel indicate the potential of these characters for subfamily systematics. In the filiform apparatus, a range of glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies was used; the filiform exhibited a biphasic structure. While only arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) occurred in the translucent matrix, mannans were the most prevalent glycan in the denser matrix. These phases may have distinct mechanical or signalling properties, as they showed different cell wall component distributions. The distinct spatial distribution between AGPs and other glycans showed that the filiform apparatus is heterogeneous and has a common polymer assemblage for both synergids.

Development of the female gametophyte of Minuria cunninghamii (DC). Benth, Ccompositae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Davis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
New South ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development ◽  
Two Populations

Minuria cunninghamii is widely distributed throughout the drier parts of Australia, and a comparative study was made of the female gametophyte development in two populations 300 miles apart in western New South Wales. In specimens collected 120 miles south of Menindee, the embryo sac was monosporic in origin and of the Polygonum type, whereas in those from Wanaaring it was usually bisporic and of the Allium type. No significant difference was found in mature embryo sacs from the two localities, although an unusual feature of both was the occurrence of vacuoles in the apices of the synergids.

Comparative study of gametophyte development in the some species of the genus Onobrychis: Systematic significance of gametophyte futures

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdilkarim Chehregani ◽  
Fariba Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Nayereh Tanaomi
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Functional Megaspore

AbstractMale and female gametophytes have special characters that show a great variety in different taxa. In this study, gametophytes of four species belonging to three sections of the genus Onobrychis Mill. were studied with light microscopy. Results showed that the ovular primordium is tetra-zonate and gives rise to an anatropous ovule. The archesporium may consist of one or more archeosporial cells, but only one of them undergoes meiosis, forming a linear or T-shaped tetrad. Normally, only a single megaspore is functional which is located in the chalazal position while the others degenerate very soon. The young ovule is hemi-anatropous but the mature is anatropous, crassinucellar and bitegmic; integuments form a zig-zag micropyle. A 7-celled embryo-sac is formed corresponding to the Polygonum type. Based on our results, the ovular variable characters are the form and condition of ovary, presence or absence of ovary peduncle, the number and condition of ovule in ovary, length and width of ovule, length and width of embryo sac, number of layers in outer integument, condition of megaspore, alignment pattern of the integuments, asymmetrical initiation of the outer integument, shape of tetrad with the presence of one functional megaspore and so on. The separator characters in male gametophyte are including tri-cellular pollen grains and the number of tapetum nuclei. According to our study the female gametophyte characters are more variable than male gametophyte. The present study provides the first report on embryological description in the genus Onobrychis and also in section Heliobrychis.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMBRYOLOGY OF HOPPEA DICHOTOMA WILLD. (GENTIANACEAE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindappa D. Arekal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
In Series ◽  
Second Period

The mode of embryo sac development in Hoppea dichotoma Willd. conforms to the Polygonum type. No integumentary tapetum is organized around the female gametophyte. The organization of the endosperm follows the nuclear type. Simultaneous cell wall formation occurs throughout the endosperm when the embryo is at the 4- to 6-celled stage. The development of the embryo is assigned to the second period, V megarchetype and group 11 in series C′ in the system of embryogenic classification of Souèges. The endosperm and embryo of Gentianaceae are compared with those of Menyanthaceae.

scholarly journals The mac1 Gene: Controlling the Commitment to the Meiotic Pathway in Maize

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F Sheridan ◽  
Nadezhda A Avalkina ◽  
Ivan I Shamrov ◽  
Tatyana B Batyea ◽  
Inna N Golubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Partial Sterility ◽  
Embryo Sac Formation ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development ◽  
Normal Meiosis ◽  
Pleiotropic Mutation

Abstract The switch from the vegetative to the reproductive pathway of development in flowering plants requires the commitment of the subepidermal cells of the ovules and anthers to enter the meiotic pathway. These cells, the hypodermal cells, either directly or indirectly form the archesporial cells that, in turn, differentiate into the megasporocytes and microsporocytes. We have isolated a recessive pleiotropic mutation that we have termed multiple archesporial cells1 (macl) and located it to the short arm of chromosome 10. Its cytological phenotype suggests that this locus plays an important role in the switch of the hypodermal cells from the vegetative to the meiotic (sporogenous) pathway in maize ovules. During normal ovule development in maize, only a single hypodermal cell develops into an archesporial cell and this differentiates into the single megasporocyte. In macl mutant ovules several hypodermal cells develop into archesporial cells, and the resulting megasporocytes undergo a normal meiosis. More than one megaspore survives in the tetrad and more than one embryo sac is formed in each ovule. Ears on mutant plants show partial sterility resulting from abnormalities in megaspore differentiation and embryo sac formation. The sporophytic expression of this gene is therefore also important for normal female gametophyte development.

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