scholarly journals Cytological changes in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. root tip treated with extracts from callus of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pietrosiuk ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
Mieczysław Kuraś ◽  
Agnieszka Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Irregular Structures ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Green Callus ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Tip Cells

The effect of an ethanolic extract from callus of <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> on <em>Allium cepa</em> root cells divisions was investigated. Two lines: white and green callus, were established on solid B5 medium with IAA 1 mg/l and kinetin 0.1 mg/l. The HPLC analysis of callus extracts showed the presence of indole alkaloids, however not known pharmacologically active alkaloids or derivatives used in semisynthesis (vinblastine, ajmalicine, serpentine, yohimbine, vindoline and catharanthine) have been found. The ethanolic extract of <em>C. roseus</em> callus inhibited the number of mitoses in <em>Allium cepa</em> root tip cells. Short (1-3 hours) treatment resulted in an increase in the index of late prophases, with characteristic light spaces, and the index of metaphases with twisted chromosomes forming an equatorial plate or irregular structures of c-metaphases. At the same time, the percentage of anaphases and telophases decreased significantly. Longer treatment of the root tip inhibited mitotic activity, stopping it completely already after 12 hours. Interphase nuclei became at first denser and homogeneous, eventually their structure became , partitioned into zones and formation of chromatin territories, with distinct large nucleoli has been observed. Electron microscope observations revealed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and thick, invaginating cell membrane.

scholarly journals Effect of triazophos on mitotic activity and chromosomal behavior in root meristems of Allium cepa L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Pandey ◽  
Shyam R Sakya
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Cellular Abnormalities ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Effect of triazophos (an organophosphorous insecticide) on mitotic activity and chromosomal behavior in the meristematic region of root tip cells of Allium cepa L. was assessed. The insecticide showed mitotic depression and positive chromo-toxic effects. Abnormalities, such as stickiness, plasmolysed cells, equatorial plate shifting, polar shifting, irregular chromosome arrangement, precocious arms formation, bridge formation, C-metaphase, fragmentation of chromosomes, unequal cytokinesis, diagonal cytokinesis, delayed cytokinesis and formation of binucleated cells, were recorded in the chemically pretreated root meristem. Key-words: chromosomal and cellular abnormalities; cytotoxic effect; mitotic index; phase indices.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2903 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 4-7

scholarly journals Low dose genotoxicity of 4-bromo-n,n-diethyl-5,5- dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphol-2-amine 2-oxide in mice bone marrow cells and Allium cepa L. root tip cells

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanya Kalcheva ◽  
Asya Dragoeva ◽  
Karamfil Kalchev ◽  
Dobromir Enchev
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

The chemistry of organophosphorus compounds is a subject of increasing interest and different new compounds have been synthesized. There are data that some known organophosphates are mutagens. Oxaphosphole derivatives possess biological activity and might influence proliferating cells. Bioassays are currently used in ecotoxicology to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of new chemicals. To provide a broad coverage of the mutagenic potential of a chemical, information on different experimental test-systems is required. Genotoxicity assays are usually performed at high doses, but humans are exposed to most environmental chemicals at low doses. The objective of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of low doses (2.82x10-6 ?g/kg and 2.82x10-9 ?g/kg, corresponding to concentrations 10-12M and 10-15M) of 4-bromo-N,N-diethyl- 5,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphol-2-amine 2-oxide (Br-oxph) in ICR mice bone marrow cells and Allium cepa L. root tip cells. Treatment with Br-oxph for 3 h produced alterations in the mitotic index in Allium cepa cells and induced chromosome aberrations in both test systems. These effects remained 48 h after the treatment. The data from the study showed the existence of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Br-oxph at tested doses.

scholarly journals Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiva Maria Silva Gomes ◽  
Maria Virna Gonçalves Aguiar de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Ronielson de Sousa Carvalho ◽  
Camila Carvalho Menezes ◽  
Ana Paula Peron
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Food Dyes ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Tip Cells

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the food dyes sunset yellow, bordeaux red, and tartrazine yellow on the cellular cycle of Allium cepa L. Each dye was evaluated at the doses of 0.4 and 4.0 mL, at the exposure times of 24 and 48 hours in root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Slides were prepared and cells were analyzed during the whole cell cycle for cellular aberrations totaling 5,000 total cells for each dose evaluated. The mitotic index was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the three dyes used under the evaluated doses and exposure times were cytotoxic to the cells of the system-test used. Further cytotoxicity studies should be conducted for additional results and a proper evaluation of the effect of these three dyes on a cellular level.

scholarly journals Chromosomal and Nuclear Alterations in Root Tip Cells of Allium Cepa L. Induced by Alprazolam

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilada Nefic ◽  
Jasmin Musanovic ◽  
Azra Metovic ◽  
Kemajl Kurteshi
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Nuclear Alterations ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells
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