Analiza istotnych politycznie przemian taoizmu — od filozoficznej wolności do religijnego autorytetu

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 341-372
Author(s):  
Daniel Komarzyca
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Indian Buddhism ◽  
Taoist Philosophy

This paper provides an analysis of the gradual degeneration of philosophical-libertarian Taoism (the Lao-Zhuang tradition, including Neo-Taoism) into religious-authoritarian Taoism (the Huang-Lao tradition, including Taoist religion). It emphasizes not only the influence of Yang Zhu and Hui Shi on early Taoist philosophy but also the influence of Legalism (and Indian Buddhism) on later religious-authoritarian Taoism. The main thesis of the paper is that the transformation of Taoist political thought was caused primarily by the rulers' policy.

scholarly journals Republika Federalna Niemiec w polityce zagranicznej Polski w okresie rządów Prawa i Sprawiedliwości

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Adrian Chojan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law And Justice

The aim of this study is to analyse Polish-German relations during the periods of the rule of the Law and Justice party (from 2005 to 2007 and from 2015 until now), and to indicate the key elements of continuity and changes in Poland’s foreign policy towards its western neighbour. The main thesis is the conclusion that the Federal Republic of Germany is an example of the dominant state in the political thought of the Law and Justice party. It is part of the concept of the so-called external enemy against which a determined and consistent foreign policy must be pursued.

scholarly journals The „Tao” of Ethics and Politics: A Radical Reading of Taoist Philosophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Daniel Komarzyca
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Taoist Philosophy ◽  
Radical Ideas

The paper explores the possibility of finding radical elements of individualistic and libertarian especially left-libertarian thought in Taoist philosophy. It demonstrates that philosophical Taoism should be treated in a comprehensive way, with a particular emphasis on ethics. In connection with this, the anti-authoritarian ethico-political dimension of early Taoism is examined, and it is argued that the Taoist philosophers of ancient China had a deep respect for the equal liberty of individuals, who are all unique by nature. As a result, findings suggest that Taoist anarchism in early medieval China evolved as the logical conclusion from ancient Taoist ethico-political thought since radical ideas were embodied in it. The research goal of this paper is to develop a Taoist-libertarian virtue ethics and to show its political relevance. Therefore, it is also intended to show how Taoist libertarianism avant la lettre undermines political authority despite being neither consequentialist nor deontological, unlike typical American libertarianism.

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