Cywilizacja i Polityka
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Published By Index Copernicus International

1732-5641

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Marlena Stradomska

Security of the 21st century is a very important issue related to the interdisciplinary approach to this topic. This article is related to the prevention of the 21st century and the problem of suicide, including access to firearms. The suicidological analysis in this case is based on defining the issue of security prevention and the availability of firearms in a given country. Generally there are many specialists who deal with the subject of suicide, public and social health, prevention, prevention, remedies, but the problem of suicide is still present. According to the Headquarters of the Police or the Central Statistical Office, there is an increasing number of suicides. Social campaigns and actions to increase security in various countries are still insufficient. Many countries start and continue to implement prevention related to suicide prevention. A very important issue that will be raised in this article is access to firearms - as a means that is lethal. It is not always the person who decides to commit suicide, he wants to die, namely if a person is determined to commit suicide, he can use many different means (drugs, jump from a height, poison, etc.). They do not always contribute to an irreversible state, i.e. rubbish. However, the use of firearms means that there is no turning back from suicide, there is no turning back from death. Therefore, a return to health is usually impossible. The suicide attempt with the use of a weapon ends very tragically - death or permanent disability. In connection with the above, the work is of a theoretical and practical nature, as it is possible to indicate various issues related to prevention and suicide prevention.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 373-391
Author(s):  
Jacek Kraś

Turystyka zajmuje istotne miejsce w gospodarce światowej. Ze względu na jej masowy charakter stała się istotnym elementem polityki państw i regionów. Pod koniec XX w. i w pierwszych latach XXI w. stała się dynamicznie rozwijającą dziedziną gospodarki światowej, na co wskazuje udział wpływów z turystyki w PKB czy też udział w zatrudnieniu. Rosnące znaczenie turystyki znalazło również odzwierciedlenie w rozszerzeniu kompetencji administracji rządowej i samorządowej, wyodrębnieniu narodowych organizacji turystycznych oraz zwiększonej aktywności organizacji pozarządowych w tym zakresie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie celów, zadań i funkcji POT, która jest jedną z najważniejszych instytucji realizujących politykę turystyczną państwa. Jest nim również przybliżenie i analiza statusu organizacyjno-prawnego oraz najważniejszych działań tej organizacji, a także ocena jej działalności.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Paweł Trawicki

We współczesnych przemianach społecznych istotne miejsce zajmuje problem zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa socjalnego spowodowanego zjawiskiem bezrobocia. Szczególnie realizuje się ono na gruncie grupy wiekowej ludzi do 35 roku życia. Spostrzega się , że spośród wielu podmiotów rynku pracy istotne miejsce zajmują Ochotnicze Hufce Pracy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Chrzanowski

Powstanie Warszawskie to jedno z najtragiczniejszych wydarzeń w dziejach Polski XX wieku. Zakończyło się klęską głównie z przyczyn politycznych. J..Stalin odniósł się bowiem negatywnie do decyzji podjęcia walk o Warszawę. Zwycięstwo powstania przekreśliłoby jego plany zmierzające do uzależnienia Polski od Związku Sowieckiego. Podobne stanowisko zajęli polscy komuniści. Nie udzielono więc pomocy walczącej Warszawie. Powstanie upadło, stolica została zburzona, zginęły tysiące osób, pozostałą ludność wysiedlono. Jednakże w pamięci społeczeństwa polskiego na zawsze pozostanie symbolem bohaterstwa i walki o niepodległość.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pawłuszko

In this article I examine Rokkan-Urwin centre-periphery model, which is used to analysis of interstate relations. This model, developed in the 70s has been used to describe and explain interregional differences and inequalities. Point of departure of Rokkan and Urwin was the analysis of regional potential. Final aim was to focus on political mobilization in different regions in the context of the local policies. My paper changes the level of analysis into interstate relations. My aim is to identify the processes of peripheralization of regions and states in Europe and to answer the question of ability to overcome peripheral status in the international system.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 447-466
Author(s):  
Dominik Bień

The article touches upon the subject of PHD studies and students in Poland based on the precariat theory by Guy Standing. In the initial part, studies regarding tertiary education in Poland that have been carried out so far are covered. In the further part, main presuppositions of precariat theory are indicated. The author shows PHD students’ position in relation to possessing security forms appropriate for industrial era employees cited by Standing, for instance employment, income and representation security. Socio-economic standing of PHD students has been recreated based on empirical data stemming from “Doktoranci 2011”and “Doktoranci 2015” surveys. This data was supplemented by Statistics Poland (GUS) data and by regulations. Conclusions were drawn from the considerations showing that if one takes Standing’s categories literally, PHD students do not fall within the Precariat category, however one can indicate that they are somewhere in-between precarians and other social strata.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 341-372
Author(s):  
Daniel Komarzyca

This paper provides an analysis of the gradual degeneration of philosophical-libertarian Taoism (the Lao-Zhuang tradition, including Neo-Taoism) into religious-authoritarian Taoism (the Huang-Lao tradition, including Taoist religion). It emphasizes not only the influence of Yang Zhu and Hui Shi on early Taoist philosophy but also the influence of Legalism (and Indian Buddhism) on later religious-authoritarian Taoism. The main thesis of the paper is that the transformation of Taoist political thought was caused primarily by the rulers' policy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Mirosław Paracki

The article presents some facts from the biography of Archbishop Tadeusz Gocłowski who lived and worked in a very important period for the Church and Motherland. And he was not merely a witness of these historic events, but an active participant. In the light of the evangeli-cal counsel, he carried help to people living in different environments, also distant from the Church. He was a man who built bridges for mutual relations on a human, religious and na-tional level.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Izabela Podobas

Demographic changes, and in particular the aging of the population, affect the changing needs of the labor market. Many reports and analysis indicate that it is a very important challenge for both governments and employers to activate people aged 45+, prepare them for retirement and longer activities, acquire new qualifications and competencies and compete with young people. It is all about adapting older employees to function within the changing ways of innovative production techniques and methods, so that they can remain productive in the work environment for as long as possible. It should be assumed that people over 45 years of age by investing in their own professional development will become more competitive in the labor market and thus will not allow marginalization and stigmatization of this age group. Initiatives limiting the negative effects of aging populations and contraction of labor resources as well as the elimination of unemployment among people over 45, including training, improving their competences or retraining, are very important here.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Alfred Skorupka

This article presents the theory of Western civilization – American scholar Carroll Quigley (1910-1977). In the conclusions, the author gives some criticism of the findings Quigley, and formulates his own theory about the future of the West.


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