Proklos — życie i „Teologia platońska”. Wstęp do przekładu rozdziału siódmego księgi drugiej

This paper contains an introduction to the Polish translation of Proclus’ Theologia Platonica II 7. The first part consists of a brief description of Proclus’ life, the second part briefly characterizes the Theologia Platonica, especially chapter 7 of Book II.

Pewne zastosowania wybranych rozszerzeń logiki tensalnej w niektórych naukach przyrodniczych

In the article an issue of applicability of tense logic in natural sciences is addressed. I argue that if one reaches the limits of applications of tense logic, then, in some cases, it is possible to apply some extensions of tense logic. Among examples of such systems is the metric tense logic which enables one to express how many units of time have passed since the occurrence of an event, or how many units of time will pass until the event will take place. Another example is the logic with operators Since and Until, which allows to express time dependences of occurring one event upon the occurrence of an another event.

Między geniuszem, rewolucją i matematyką

The book written by Wojciech Sady is an interesting and inspiring attempt to reconstruct the mechanism of the revolution that took place in physics at the beginning of the 20th century. As part of the attempts to characterize the process of the emergence of special relativity theory and the old quantum theory, author also raises the issue of the role of genius and imagination in the process of searching for new scientific theories. The work is based on rich factual material, however, has several weaknesses and — as it seems — several places that would not require greater precision. This work aims to identify these points.

Struktura rewolucji relatywistycznej i kwantowej w fizyce, czyli o systematyczności badań naukowych i roli kantyzmu we współczesnej filozofii nauki

The article is a voice in the discussion on Wojciech Sady’s book Struktura rewolucji relatywistycznej i kwantowej w fizyce [The Structure of Relativistic and Quantum Revolution in Physics]. The author points out that the central idea of this book directly refers to the works of Thomas Kuhn, who emphasized the role of revolutions in the process of scientific development. Sady criticizes this position, claiming that the development of science is primarily determined by systematic research. The author also argues with Sady’s thesis that an important consequence of the relativistic and quantum revolution in physics is the fundamental questioning of the value of Kant’s philosophy. The text tries to show that Kantism is still present in contemporary philosophy of science.

Bergson et la connaissance intellectuelle du monde extérieur

Bergson offre une étude profonde et originale du savoir intellectuel qui englobe les actes de perception effectués par le sens commun et la connaissance scientifique. Il constate qu’aussi bien notre perception ordinaire que les théories scientifiques concernant le monde matériel, sont déformées par le schéma spatial. Quel est donc le degré d’adéquation de la connaissance intellectuelle par rapport à la réalité extérieure? Nous tentons d’examiner son caractère afi n de préciser à quel point nous pouvons en obtenir le savoir fiable. Dans notre étude, nous nous référons à certaines idées de Roman Ingarden, le disciple de Husserl, qui dans son oeuvre peu connue Intuition et intelligence chez Bergson a réalisé une analyse pénétrante de la conception bergsonienne. D’autre part, nous essayons de déterminer quel est exactement l’apport de la mémoire dans la connaissance intellectuelle. Il semble que son rôle n’est pas assez reconnu par les interprètes de la pensée du philosophe.

Husserla redukcja fenomenologiczna a „pusty umysł” w buddyzmie zen

The text compares two themes: Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological reduction, and the category of „empty mind” in Zen Buddhism. The similarities and the difference between the two epistemological strategies are shown and the common ground for metaphysical and partly ethical solutions are outlined. The basic thesis is that different cognitive strategies can lead to very similar effects. In other words, meditation does not exclude discursive knowledge which does not necessarily oppose meditation. Husserl and the great Zen masters see the principle of all principles in consciousness (mind). An empty mind is like the mind of a philosopher who has made a phenomenological reduction.

Inspiracje aksjologii Elzenberga. Monadologia bez Boga

The absence of references to Leibniz in almost all of Henryk Elzenberg’s writings is surprising, since his first strictly philosophical book was a treatise on Leibniz’s metaphysics. Referring to Elzenberg’s remarks on the sources of his own thinking and its dependence on others, I will aim at finding Leibnizian traces in Elzenberg’s philosophy. By signalling various clues related to Elzenberg’s and Leibniz’s way of philosophizing and community of beliefs, I will try to show that, although at first not obvious, the deepest trace of Leibniz and the work on his metaphysics can be found within Elzenberg’s axiology. I will try to show that Elzenberg’s understanding of perfect value (resp. hypervalue) has its structural roots in Leibniz’s understanding of the monad (resp. requisite).

Czy teza o niedookreśleniu teorii przez dane doświadczenia czyni sukcesy nauki cudem?

In his book Struktura rewolucji relatywistycznej i kwantowej w fizyce [The Structure of Relativistic and Quantum Revolution in Physics] Wojciech Sady presents a view on the thesis of underdetermination, according to which it should be regarded as a pseudoproblem of contemporary philosophy of science. I reject this view and suggest that Sady’s argumentation against the thesis of underdetermination is tantamount to attacking a straw man. This is because he argues against its correctness by pointing to the incorrectness of the conclusions he unjustifiably draws from it.

Równania mądrzejsze od swych odkrywców

This article aims to critically analyse the concept of the development of science, as proposed by Wojciech Sady in the work Struktura rewolucji relatywistycznej i kwantowej w fizyce [The Structure of the Relativity and Quantum Revolution in Physics]. The author uses Ludwik Fleck’s concept of thought styles and thought collectives to analyse the problem of how two great scientific revolutions took place in 20th-Century physics in terms of the rise of quantum theory and special relativity. Sady argues that the way of thinking of scientists is determined by the particular thought style in which they were educated, and that great scientific discoveries are not the result of “creative imagination”, but a product of deductive reasoning, in which scholars closely adhere to the formalism of mathematical theory and the results of experiments. Therefore, scientific discovery in physics is made “on paper” rather than “in the mind of a scientist.” In the “battle of equations with the imagination,” equations always win, and scientific discovery is more a result of the work of a scientific community than solitary geniuses, and can only be made at the right time in history, called the “discoverygenic situation.” The concept of the development of science presented in The Structure is directed against the incommensurability thesis and the indeterminacy thesis.