Public assistance to the unemployed until the end of the 1920s - about the genesis of creating Polish systemic solutions in the socio-legal aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Anna Monika Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Social Welfare System ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
First World ◽  
Desk Research

The author shows results of legal acts and subject literature explanation with reference to social welfare aid for the unemployed in the 20s of the XX century at the beginning of social welfare system for labour market in Poland. The study was carried out by using the “desk research” methodology. The legal acts analysis presented constructive and comprehensive systemic solutions for the workless after the First World War and at the first ten years of the interwar in the Second Republic of Poland. The contemporary generation may reflect on them and learn from the national historical traditions and experiences.

Welfare Legislation and the Unions during the First World War

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Breathing Space ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Demobilized Soldiers ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
First World ◽  
Made In

The first World War ended very suddenly. Large numbers of civilian workers lost their jobs in the period of industrial dislocation that followed, adding to the numbers of unemployed already swollen by the return of demobilized soldiers from the continent. No plans existed, however, to provide for the civilian unemployed. A last-minute decision was made in November 1918 to extend free out-of-work donation to them as well as to those newly released from the army. Although this scheme proved inordinately expensive it did provide the cabinet with a much needed breathing-space. In the event, however, general policy on how to cater for the unemployed was not tackled again for many months.

Pre- and postwar generations of rural female youth and the future of the German nation, 1871–1933

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH BRIGHT JONES
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
First World War ◽  
Social Category ◽  
World War ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
German Nation ◽  
First World

Just before the First World War, German agricultural economists and social-welfare experts constructed a new social category – rural female youth, whose mobility provoked growing alarm. Framing rural flight in terms of gender and generation allowed experts to focus on its demographic, economic, and moral threats, and rural female youth became a target for reform. These debates presaged a wave of popular anxiety over rural female youth that expanded dramatically during the Weimar Republic. However, prewar court testimonies of runaway maids in rural Saxony suggest that some rural girls understood their mobility in terms of ‘getting ahead’, and resisted efforts to restrict their occupational, social, and spatial horizons.

scholarly journals The Police and the Hunger Marchers

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hayburn
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
British History ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
London Corresponding Society ◽  
First World ◽  
General Strike ◽  
Made In

The use of informers and agents provocateurs by both the government and the police has not been uncommon in British history. Edward Thompson has made lengthy references to the employment of spies by the authorities in the period from 1790 to 1830. The highest levels of the London Corresponding Society were penetrated in 1794 by an informer known as “Citizen Groves”, and, following this, use was made of informers in combating the Luddite movement, and in the Pentridge Rising, the Despard and Spa Fields Affairs, and, most important of all, the Cato Street Conspiracy of 1820. The use of political spies is also known to have occurred during the First World War and immediately afterwards, and allegations were made in Parliament in this respect during the period of the General Strike in 1926. The recent opening of the files of the Metropolitan Police for the 1930's has revealed that informers were also used during the unemployed disturbances of these years, in particular in the attempt to prevent the outbreak of violence during the marches on London organised by the National Unemployed Workers' Movement (NUWM) in 1932, 1934 and 1936, and on the occasion of the National Joint Council of Labour demonstration in Hyde Park in February 1933, although in these instances it has not been possible to establish the identity of the person or persons concerned.

On the Genealogy of the Symbol of the Cross in the Polish Political Imagination

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-521
Author(s):  
Magdalena Waligórska
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Community ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
First World

This article traces the genealogy of the cross as a key Polish national symbol back to the independence struggles of the nineteenth century and the post-1918 attempts to map the new Polish nation-state over its multiethnic territory. Discussing the shifting meaning ascribed to the symbol in the changing political conditions in the 1860s and during the Second Republic, the article relates the semantic content of the symbol to the cycle of solidification and defiance (corresponding with Victor Turner’s “structure” and “anti-structure”). While, in conditions of defiance, during the January Uprising (1863–1864), the cross connoted progressive and egalitarian ideas of emancipation and solidarity with other nations who were also deemed as deserving their freedom, this changed once Poland regained its independence. After the First World War, the cross came to be employed as a marker of Poland’s territorial ambitions and an emblem that redefined ingroup boundaries by excluding from the national community the threatening Others: whether Bolsheviks, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, or Jews.

REFUGEES IN THE INITIAL PERIOD OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
E.V. NIKOLAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The First World War ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
First World

The article examines the organizational and legal support of refugees in the initial period of the First World War. The author focuses on the legal Council of Ministers, which were sent to provide assistance to the population affected by the initial period of the war, including refugees - subjects of the Russian Empire, as well as acts that provided the legal basis for the eviction process, acts, as well as state and public events that were implemented in relation to migrants from border areas to the inner provinces before the adoption of the law «On ensuring the needs of refu-gees» on August 30, 1915. The article notes the ab-sence of a finally approved plan for the evacuation of the civilian population at the beginning of the war, which resulted in unorganized and mass migration in the fall of 1914. the formation of the «Committee of Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Tatyana Niko-laevna» became the supreme power to the emerging problem, the formation of the functionality of which can be traced in the article. In addition, various national organizations sprang up locally to solve the problems of ethnic migrants from among Russian citizens. The author examines individual legislative acts of subjects of enemy states, and, ultimately, of the German colonists.

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