Making the leap: commodity chains and the potential for global environmental histories of capitalism

This article is a brief response to Leonardo Marques’ essay “Commodity Chains and the Global Environmental History of the Colonial Americas.” It focuses on the practical and theoretical limitations of commodity-chain histories as away to address our political and environmental moment. It argues that commodity-chain histories must overcome the complexity of their subjects, and leap the theoretical gap between local and global scales without losing sight of nature. To do so, the article advocates for more work by environmental historians, and a focus on transformation rather than commodity flows.

Horizontality, Negotiation, and Emergence: Toward a Philosophy of Environmental History

In this article, I intend to creatively synthesize both the empirical findings and the theoretical formulations put forward by self-proclaimed environmental historians, as well as those by the scholars who preceded and influenced them. Establishing a dialogue with the broader field of Environmental Humanities, especially posthumanism, I propose three principles for writing environmental histories: horizontality, negotiation, and emergency. Horizontality refers to the inexistence of a given and absolute 'ground' for human life. We walk, build our houses, earn a living, and develop ideas and cultures, not on top of an ontological floor, but attending to and being attended by the bodies surrounding us, some of them animated and some not, some solid and some liquid and gaseous. To inhabit is to make oneself available to be inhabited. Mutual habitation weaves assemblages that are both the continent and the content of life. Negotiation alludes to the human conversation with a larger world, both animated and inanimate, about coexistence. Humans never get everything they want, just the way they want it, from their relationships with nonhumans. Though people rarely recognize this, the only way history can be made is through compromise with the rest of the biosphere. This means that humans are continuously becoming, as they and their activities couple themselves with other natural entities and their activities. Emergence, therefore, is the radical geo-historicity of all earthly things, whose character is never given beforehand but constituted as they make their way through the world.

Participative and Decolonial Approaches in Environmental History

This chapter explores the relationship and use of decolonial participative approaches in environmental history. The main argument is that decolonial and participative methods are useful tools to build environmental histories that are more inclusive and communicate better with today’s society. Furthermore, it is argued that using participative and decolonial approaches contribute to environmental awareness and political action, making environmental history a powerful discipline in contributing to a decolonial environmental justice. To explore this argument, we first review how the discipline of history has understood participative methods. We then trace the development of participative approaches to research, and finally, give an overview of how environmental history in Latin America has been enriched from these discussions. The chapter finishes by discussing the usefulness of the concept of “memory” to facilitate this approach in research. We conclude that decoloniality and participation can be powerful allies of environmental history research. Specifically, the decolonial approach helps to read the past through a critical lens that connects specific cases with larger phenomena, such as imperialism and capitalism, highlighting the spaces for change within them. Similarly, participation challenges historical research to go beyond inclusion and place people’s knowledge at the centre of scientific work.

Propondo uma História Ambiental Latinoamericana

Book Review John Soluri, Claudia Leal and José Augusto Pádua, eds., A Living Past: Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018).

The socionatural 18th century: Connecting culture and climate

Keynote lecture at the conference "Nature and the Natural in the Eighteenth Century" organized by the Norwegian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 4 February 2021. RECORDED LECTURE: https://septentrio.uit.no/media/Collet_zoom_0.mp4 The lecture is in English. Abstract (in German): Der zweite Keynote ist Dominik Collet. Er ist Klima- und Umwelthistoriker und hat zu mehreren Gesellschaftsaspekten des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie zum Verhältnis von Naturresourcen, Wetterverhältnissen, Kulturpflanzen, öffentlicher Gesundheit und Bevölkerungsentwicklung geforscht. Professor Collet ist Mitglied der Oslo School of Environmental Histories an der Universität Oslo. In seinem letzten Buch über eine bisher wenig beachtete Hungersnot, die Anfang der 1770er Jahre grosse Teile Europas traf, analysiert er die Auswirkungen von drei Jahren mit Ernteausfall auf die sozialen Verhältnisse in verschiedenen Regionen, darunter Skandinavien. Collet bewegt sich dabei von metereologischen Daten, Dendrochronologie und Bevölkerungsstatistik über kulturelle Ausdrucksformen in Kunst und Kultur zu Philosophie und politischer Entwicklung. Abstract (in Norwegian): Dominik Collet er en klima- og miljøhistoriker som har forsket på en rekke aspekter ved 1700-tallets samfunn og på samspillet mellom naturressurser, værforhold, avlinger, folkehelse og befolkningsutvikling. Professor Collet er et sentralt medlem av Oslo School of Environmental Histories ved UiO. I sin seneste bok, om en lite påaktet sultkatastrofe som rammet store deler av Europa på begynnelsen av 1770-tallet, analyserer han effekten tre påfølgende år med svikt i avlinger fikk på sosiale forhold i en rekke regioner, inkludert Skandinavia. Collet beveger seg i sin forskning fra meteorologiske data, dendrokronologi og befolkningsstatistikk via kulturelle uttrykk i kunst- og kulturfeltet, og over til filosofisk tenkning og politikkutvikling. Collets foredrag har tittelen «The socionatural 18th century: Connecting climate and culture».

Fueling the Colonial Future

As its record in California, southern India, and elsewhere suggests, of the many biotic exchanges of the long nineteenth century, the case of the Australian blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus) is one that especially transcends bilateral, spatial, or imperial framing. The blue gum instead invites more material and temporal perspectives to its spread: since its reputation accrued over time in diverse colonial settings, its adoption was contingent on the extent to which local tree cover was feared to have been depleted, and its growth was hoped to secure the futures of colonial states. Focusing on nineteenth-century understandings of the biological characteristics of the blue gum in southeastern Australia, South Asia and California, and the circulation of this knowledge between these sites, this article draws on the insights of neo-materialism to argue that this tree’s value and importance lay in its perceived ability to rapidly provide fuel wood for the empowerment of colonial states. This article is part of the “Crossroads of Indo-Pacific Environmental Histories” special issue of Pacific Historical Review.