scholarly journals Formulasi sistematika knowledge-based engineering untuk penanganan permasalahan proses

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Surahmad W Widodo ◽  
Yazid Bindar ◽  
P Praharso

Urea plant is a petrochemical plant considered as one of strategic industries in Indonesia. Knowledge is important asset for the company that should be managed well in order to give the optimal profit. Without the adequate knowledge to operate the process plant, the process problems tend to be solved by trial-error effort in the field with unknown result and can cause the losses for the company. With the knowledge-based system, the knowledge can be stored, organized can be accessed again to solve the process problem and minimize the trial-error losses in this thesis knowledge-based system formulation for process problem solving in urea synthesis process unit done by study the heuristic knowledge, study the urea synthesis equilibrium model, study the urea tray reactor with CFD simulation and study of development of process knowledge-based system model. Urea reaction equilibrium model used can explain the impact of temperature, NH3/C02 molar ratio and H2O/C02 molar ratio to the urea conversion. Calculation results of conversion and reactor outlet composition show the agreement with the reactor data. Results of CFD simulation show that the new configuration of reactor tray give the better mixing effect of liquid and gas phase than the conventional tray. Heuristic knowledge based on the experience and the knowledge based on process model become the knowledge base for development of knowledge-based system model for process problem solving.Keywords: knowledge-based, process knowledge, heuristic, simulation, CFD, urea reactor AbstrakPabrik pupuk adalah pabrik petrokimia yang termasuk salah satu industri strategis nasional. Pengetahuan merupakan aset penting bagi perusahaan yang harus dikelola sebaik-baiknya agar memberikan manfaat dan keuntungan yang optimal. Tanpa pengetahuan yang cukup dalam mengoperasikan pabrik, maka masalah proses yang dihadapi cenderung diselesaikan dengan percobaan di lapangan yang hasilnya tidak pasti dan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Dengan sistem berbasis pengetahuan, maka pengetahuan disimpan, terorganisasi dan dapat diakses kembali untuk menyelesaian masalah proses, serta tindakan coba-coba yang menghasi/kan kesalahan dapat diminimalkan. Dalam tesis ini formulasi sistem berbasis pengetahuan untuk penanganan permasalahan proses pada unit reaktor sintesis urea dilakukan dengan melakukan kajian pengetahuan heuristis, kajian model kesetimbangan reaksi sintesis urea, kajian simulasi CFD tray reaktor, serta kajian model pengembangan sistem berbasis pengetahuan proses. Model kesetimbangan yang digunakan dapat menjelaskan pengaruh suhu, rasio NH3/CO2 dan rasio H20/C02 terhadap konversi. Hasil perhitungan untuk konversi dan komposisi keluaran reaktor menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan data rancangan pabrik. Hasil kajian simulasi CFD menunjukkan bahwa dengan konjigurasi tray baru dihasilkan efek pencampuran fasa cair dan gas yang lebih baik daripada dengan tray konvensional. Pengetahuan heuristis dari pengalaman dan pengetahuan berdasarkan model proses menjadi basis pengetahuan yang dikembangkan sebagai model sistem berbasis pengetahuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah proses.Kata Kunci: basis pengetahuan, pengetahuan proses, pengetahuan heuristis, simulasi, CFD, reaktor urea

Author(s):  
Padmanabh Dabke ◽  
Vallury Prabhakar ◽  
Sheri Sheppard

Abstract This paper describes how feature-based techniques can be used in a knowledge-based system to support finite element idealizations. Any system of this kind must have two important features. First, it must capture the experiential and heuristic knowledge used by expert analysts in making idealization decisions. Second, the system must be able to perform spatial reasoning about the finite element model being analyzed. The first requirement led us to incorporate knowledge-based reasoning in the idealization systems. We chose the formalism of “features” to capture the spatial reasoning because expert analysts often describe the idealization process in terms of removing / modifying features (such as holes, slots, notches, etc.) and their spatial properties.


1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Bagnell ◽  
AM Hodges ◽  
M Linton ◽  
AWH Mau

A new equilibrium model for the high temperature and pressure Bazarov urea synthesis process is presented. By including the formation of ammonium hydroxide as an important equilibrium in the process the model can quantitatively predict the yield of urea under the following range of synthesis conditions: NH3/C02 ratios (L) greater than 2, when no excess water is added, in the temperature range 170-210�C. The model also predicts the observed maximum in urea yield with temperature for a given L> 2. New experimental data for L> 9 are presented that confirm the model's prediction that the yield of urea asymptotically approaches 100% at high L ratios. These data also reveal a pressure dependence for the urea yields which becomes more pronounced with increasing temperature and L ratio. In this region the agreement between theory and experiment is generally within 3% in the pressure range 30-50 MPa. Enthalpies of reaction for the formation of urea from ammonium carbamate and for the formation of ammonium hydroxide under urea synthesis conditions have been derived, and are 26 and -40 kJ mol-1 respectively, the former being in good agreement with a value estimated from literature data.


1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Brown ◽  
Jonathan K. Millen ◽  
Ethan A. Scarl

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